Diversity is a vital concept when engaging with modern social science research and among higher education practitioners. Despite the pervasive discourse surrounding diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives, quantification of diversity remains a challenge across the social sciences. This study proposes a new conceptual framework, applies the framework to the quantification of diversity and measurement of its impacts. Further, this study demonstrates the robustness of the new conceptual framework alongside the positive impacts of diversity on institutional outcomes. The Organization-As-The-Individual (OATI) framework arises from an integration of the social and biological sciences. The framework argues that humans, as biological organisms, can be conceptualized in a manner similar to other organisms. Chiefly, this means considering the superorganism -- or the groups that humans belong to -- as an emergent property of the interaction of multiple individuals. Diversity can thus be considered a latent trait underlying the behavior of the superorganism, leading to the application of psychometric measures to the superorganism. This study begins by examining the relationship between institutional research productivity and institutional diversity. By conceptualizing diversity as occurring at the institutional level, factor analysis was used to reduce the numerous dimensions of diversity to only five factors. Multiple regression was then used to predict the number of research publications from the calculated diversity of each institution. The factor analyses were modified to incorporate different definitions of race and ethnicity -- a common issue when using longitudinal social science data. The OATI framework was then applied to reevaluate the factor analysis results and create a measurement model using psychometric techniques. These psychometrically-derived measured dimensions of diversity were then used in additional multiple regression models to again predict institutional research publications. Results showed that the psychometric approach more accurately predicted institutional research productivity and can be easily adapted to accommodate and equate different dimensions of diversity. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]