Describes student tours to the Soviet Union, discussing the benefits to be derived from such experiences by both students and leaders. In particular, discusses the organization of the tours, their types and costs, advertising strategies, suggested itineraries and guidebooks, student orientation and group composition, and problems encountered…

Describes the curriculum for training professional literary translators used at the Gorky Literary Institute in Moscow. (AM)

Helpful factors in acquiring passive vocabulary are: word-building laws, international words, and genetic similarities. Another is "meaning variants" of the foreign words, derived by processes analogous to those of the native tongue. This supports the validity of reading knowledge as an early goal. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Studied whether differential item functioning (DIF) in translated verbal items could be reduced or eliminated by revising these items. Results for six sections of an Israeli college admission test translated from Hebrew to Russian show that revisions can reduce DIF considerably. Discusses costs of the revision process. (SLD)

Discusses the development of phraseological machine translation based on the theory that in natural languages, phraseological units cannot always be reduced to words. Describes the phraseological translation process of computer software and machine dictionary systems that translate Russian into English and English into Russian. (JMV)

GPARS is a generalized transition network system designed for language study by both students and researchers. It generalizes the Augmented Transition Network formalism by allowing top-down, bottom-up, depth-first, breadth-first, determininistic, and nondeterministic parsing strategies to be freely intermixed. (26 references) (Author/LB)

Analyzes the problems involved in teaching Russian verbal aspect to English speakers, and suggests an explanation of the problem of achieving bilingualism through use of C.S. Peirce's trichotomy of interpretants: emotional, energetic, logical. Peirce's classification of signs and interpretants is used to define learning strategies employed by L2…

Examines the relationship of second-language-learning patterns and experience to the acquisition of automatized processing skills in the morphological domain. Finds that Russian-speaking undergraduate students were significantly less accurate and slower than the English-speaking students at a naming task, and less impaired by experimental…

The three authors writing on Bakhtins essay, "Dialogic Origin and Dialogic Pedagogy of Grammar" -- Farmer, Halasek, and Williams -- respond to one another, and Bazerman provides a summative comment in the paragraphs that follow. The responses explore further some of Bakhtins thoughts concerning rhetoric and its relation to stylistics and his use…

In this article, the researchers examine a number of methodological problems involved in the study of risk among young people as a social demographic group, and they analyze the tendencies of social-development of the younger generation of Russians under conditions of risk. The analysis is based on data from a national sociological monitoring…

In the next few years, higher educational institutions in Russia are going to have difficulties recruiting applicants for enrollment owing to the decline of the country's population and the reduced number of young people. One of the most important indicators of the effectiveness of the educational process and the level of competitiveness of the…

This study deals with the ethnolinguistic vitality of Altai and Kazakh as compared to Russian in the Russian Federation Republic of Altai. Data were gathered by document analysis, interviews with experts and by conducting a subjective ethnolinguistic vitality questionnaire. The data showed that Altai and Kazakh, as a consequence of a long-lasting…

This paper discusses findings from an ongoing 3-year study of the impact of strategy training on Russian listening comprehension. In particular, the study focused on the techniques that encourage increased student control of their application of learner strategies. The research presented adds to prior research on listening training in second…

The frequency of occurrence of compound nominal phrases (CNP) in medical English literature was compared to the frequency of occurrence in general English. Ten medical English and 10 general English sample texts of 2,000 words each were selected to record and analyze the CNPs. CNPs were defined as those items made up of at least two individual…

Rules governing formulation of the embedded tense in Russian are explained and their importance to beginning students of Russian discussed. (RM)