An examination of the implications of attempting to reconcile philosophical beliefs concerning equality of opportunity with observed differences in equality of performance, which argues that there can be no real escape from inequality. Efforts to ignore, deny, or cope with the issue of group differences and group inequality must exact a price,…

Describes an investigation, using angel fish, designed to illustrate the nature-nurture controversy. Suggests observations, interpretations and other experiments that might be performed. (BR)

Traces social, cultural, economic, and political history shaping intelligence testing with respect to an inheritable intelligence level to conclude that interpretation of IQ has always been in a social and political context. (DW)

In an investigation of racial differences on an "intelligence" test containing items specific to the Black environment, black subjects had a higher mean score than white subjects and there was no positive correlation between the Black Intelligence Test and the Shipley Institute of Living Scale, a traditional intelligence test. Thus, racial…

Encompassing only human and excluding animal studies, this review surveys the literature on protein-calorie malnutrition and its possible role in retarding psychological, intellectual or behavioral development. Areas reviewed include types of protein-calorie malnutrition, the effects of malnutrition on brain development, cross-sectional and…

The effects of family background on adolescents' IQ, aptitude, and school achievement test scores challenge some of the usual beliefs about the fairness of achievement rather than IQ tests, and the role of genetic differences among individuals and social class groups in academic achievements. Subjects included 115 adoptive families with adolescent…

This is a posthumous eulogy of the accomplishments of Martin D. Jenkins in the areas of Black education and the study of intellectually superior Black children. (GC)

Trotman (EJ 168 902) indicated that Black and White families of similar socioeconomic status differ widely in intellectual home environment, and suggested the nonutility of socioeconomic status as a control in racial comparisons of IQ. The validity of Trotman's conclusions is questioned, both for methodology and results. (Author/BH)

Scarr and Weinberg's results (Intelligence, 1977) are compared to those of similar adoption studies and found to be quite similar, despite the transracial adoption patterns in Scarr and Weinberg's sample. The author also suggests that the major contribution of behavioral genetics to psychology may be our increased understanding of the environment.…

Brief analyses of three recent examples of biological determinism: sex roles, overpopulation, and sociobiology, are presented in this article. Also a brief discussion of biological determinism and education is presented. (MR)

IQ scores from five kinship categories of 7- to 12-year-olds were analyzed into genetic and environmental components. The common environmental effects were larger for older children than younger children. Overall, the Genetic and Common Environment Sources each accounted for approximately 40% of the IQ variability in the data. (Author/LMO)

The present study is a behavioral genetic analysis of specific cognitive abilities in early childhood. Parent-offspring data for adopted children and nonadopted children in the Colorado Adoption Project were used. Significant correlations were found between biological mothers' IQ and the IQ of offspring, but not for specific cognitive abilities.…

Seeing intelligence as neither strongly hereditary nor necessarily stable over time, and accepting the notion that it is a significant determinant of future occupational status, liberal psychologists and educators rely on the intervention of social institutions, primarily the school. The liberal view toward testing and intelligence is discussed.…

Human territoriality is important as an organizer of human behavior. This thesis is elaborated at three levels of analysis: (a) the community, (b) the small group and dyad, and (c) the individual. Human territoriality is characterized as the continuous association of person or persons with specific place. (Author/MA)

Concludes that with regards to interventions for cultural disadvantage, the majority of the implications for education arising from research on the topic have been too broad based and etiologically oriented, resulting in goals for culturally disadvantaged intervention that are different from those of education as a whole. (Author/AM)