This book reports on the research findings of the Pakistan Study, a collaboration between the Harvard Institute for International Development and other organizations in Pakistan. The focus is primarily on what affects student learning in Pakistan's government-sponsored primary schools. Chapter 1 discusses primary schools in Pakistan and the…

This book delineates the effects of the Great Depression upon the schools and explores how the supporters of public education responded to the retrenchment of school budgets. The introduction postulates that the public schools as a bureaucratic system in the best of times produced what it was capable of producing, which at times coincided with the…

School-based management (SBM), the decentralization of decision-making authority to the school site, comes in many variations. However, all forms of SBM require a rethinking of how and where budgeting, curriculum, and personnel decisions are made. This bulletin provides an overview of what SBM is and how it is implemented by summarizing some of…

Educational systems in all nations are called on to accommodate people who are past the age of compulsory schooling but who desire further education that is not provided by the traditional universities. In the United States, the term "community college" is used generically for all publicly-supported institutions accredited to award the…

The Chapter 188 Dropout Prevention Grant Program funds school districts with high percentages of low-income students and school dropouts to enable them to implement dropout prevention initiatives in grades 7 through 12. The emphasis in funding is on long-term school change in school policy, curriculum, governance, scheduling, programming, support…

Many entry level employees do not have the skills to become productive members of the work force. The nationwide decline in educational performance is documented by functional illiteracy among 13 percent of white 17-year-olds, and 42 percent of black 17-year-olds; a decline in the national average scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT); and…

The author, an anthropologist, spent 14 months (1974-75) in the industrial port city of Kobe (Japan) observing a cross section of urban high schools, including Japan's most elite private school and a night vocational school plagued by absenteeism and delinquency. He reports on the character of the institutions and of the experience via…

High School and Beyond is a national longitudinal study of the cohorts of 1980 high school seniors and sophomores in the United States. The School File, a machine-readable data file (MRDF) contains questionnaire response data provided by administrators from 988 public, Catholic, and private schools. The file focuses on a number of school…

A 3-day conference on the child-oriented primary school was convened in Vienna for the purposes of disseminating findings of the Council of Europe's Council for Cultural Cooperation's (CDCC) Project No. 8, Innovation in Primary Education (IPE), and examining issues relating to a review of Austria's primary school curriculum. Participants were…

Issues related to the authority structures governing local public school districts are presented in this volume, which includes a paper and three discussant comments. The thesis of the main paper is that school organization affects the outcomes of public schools. The relationship between features of the formal authority structure to central reform…

An analysis of Australia's two conflicting trends in school governance and their effectiveness in meeting two major educational challenges is the purpose of this paper. Nationalization, which refers to greater centralization and increased national regulation; and privatization, which refers to decentralization, deregulation, and increased local…

This conceptual expression of "task interdependence," or role coupling, derived from research of elementary teachers in self-contained schools and team teaching schools, recommends that organizational theory provide clear concepts and measures to capture significant variations among schools. Research, measuring the…

A study of summer sessions at U.S. and Canadian colleges and universities was conducted in 1985. A stratified random sample of 213 U.S. public and private institutions included research universities, doctoral-granting institutions, and comprehensive colleges and universities; all 10 Canadian institutions were featured in the study. A total of 184…

The Institute for Research on Educational Finance and Governance (IFG) has designed and implemented a major survey of public and private schools in the six-county San Francisco Bay Area which focuses on organizational dimensions in elementary and secondary schools. In this study, the first of three, the characteristics of schools included within…

Higher education in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) is addressed in six papers written between the years 1981 and 1985. The papers are as follows: (1) "Changing the Pattern of Higher Education Systems: An Account of Access and Structural Policies in the Federal Republic of Germany in Comparative Perspective;" (2) "The…