This book provides insight into how managers of federally sponsored libraries view their roles and carry out their duties. Seven federally supported libraries were selected to serve as case studies. These libraries represent a cross-section of various types, and the nine chapters are written by librarians from these facilities. The discussion…

The focus of this paper is the extent to which the judiciary sets the tone for freedom of speech in educational environment, and in so doing, helps define educational institutions themselves. In particular, the paper examines what the federal courts have said about the roles and obligations of educators when dealing with the rights of public…

In light of two cases soon to be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court--"Bob Jones University v. United States" and "Goldsboro Christian Schools, Inc. v. United States"--this monograph discusses the issue of freedom of religion and racially discriminatory private religious schools. After noting the statutory basis of tax-exempt…

The "pig in the parlor" refers to a growing area of censorship. In this paper, "parlor" stands for public schools, and "pig" for speech that need not be protected if it occurs at an inappropriate time or place, i.e., if such speech is not considered to bear the "imprimatur" of the schools. A review of the…

The author traces the history of the applicability to students of the Fourth Amendment, which defines search and seizure of person or property to be illegal without a valid search warrant supported by probable cause. Various court decisions have affirmed students' constitutional rights, but Louisiana is the only state that has held, in a decision,…

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is empowered with a delicate balance of executive, legislative, and judicial powers, putting the Commission in a vulnerable position whenever its decisions are reviewed. This paper takes the position that a "super-regulatory" title is unjustified when applied to the legally sanctioned role…

This report focuses on controversial articles written by the high school press, decisions made by the courts regarding students' press freedoms, and reactions to the articles and rulings. Particular attention is given to two rulings concerning censorship of articles about students' sexual atttiudes and activities, the issue of prior restraint of…

While the First Amendment guarantees an individual the right to be heard, this is an issue distinct from assuring the opportunity to be heard. In broadcast media, the opportunity, or access, has been largely determined by two factors: economics, or who owns the means to an audience, and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulation of the…

Summaries and discussions of court decisions from 1979 to the present in this monograph, the fourth in a series, are designed to keep school administrators, board members, and others informed of current judicial decisions pertaining to elementary and secondary education. Because constitutional questions, especially those focusing on the First and…

Federal courts of appeals have generally held that high school officials may exercise prior restraint regarding student publications if constitutionally sound procedural safeguards are available. A study synthesized what the lower courts have said about prior restraint and examined how those affected by the rulings have responded. The intent was…

These summaries of recent major court decisions related to school desegregation were prepared in an effort to be of assistance to nonlawyers. As an introduction, the workings of the United States judicial system are outlined, and an overview of school desegregation law since 1954 is provided. Recent decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court that set…

This book is a compilation of articles by Linda Zook, Steven Bower, Thomas Black, Frank Aquila, Patrick Tydings, Robert Powers, and Bruce Graham on the legal and educational history of school segregation. An initial article reviews the Federal court process. Also presented is a general historical review of Supreme Court doctrine on the issue of…

The recent growth of school-related laws and regulations has magnified the court role in setting education policies through legal decision. State courts have traditionally played a primary role in disposing of education disputes, but their role has diminished while the federal court role has increased. This is due to a lag between state and…

The extent to which there is a favorable view of a child's right to education in United States courts is examined. Important United States Supreme Court cases regarding segregated school systems, unequal allocation of state financial resources for education, and civil rights of students are reviewed to reveal the extent to which a legal…

A review of court cases, involving the use of various standardized tests, highlights the kinds of test validity and the interpretation by the courts of test fairness in setting personnel selection standards. Guidelines established by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) are shown to support the use of predictive validity in…