Approach described derives from social exchange theory as developed by Thibaut and Kelley, and states that successful therapist must provide client with a series of experiences of low hedonic outcome first to block disordered behavior and then to induce client into new behaviors with which he needs construct revising experiences. Presented at…

Results indicated a significant difference between advanced groups and beginning groups and between pre and posttest measures in a direction perceived as desirable by authorities in the field. (Author)

This paper presents a concept of what a counselor is: a listener; a sensitive, tuned, instrument, a human being, risking oneself again and again in human encounters in which positive gain for the counselee must still reflect the personal dispositions of his own being. (KJ)

Study results show a substantial increase on accurate empathy but no overall gains on nonpossessive warmth, with some decrease among those counselors initially displaying high levels of warmth. (Author/CJ)

Study results show that trainees prefer to be counseled by one of their own race, except for northerm whites who chose a black female counselor as first choice, and a northern white male as second. Awareness is urged by counselor educators of the number and needs of counseling programs for minority disadvantaged groups. (CJ)

Findings are consistent with previous research which has suggested the therapeutic relevance of empathy across a wide range of clientele and treatment setting. This study demonstrates the relationship of empathy and warmth to attitudes and behaviors observable outside the psychotherapy process. (Author)

Emphasizing the specific of selection and intentionally structured practice experiences, the program is as applicable to nonprofessional as to professional traiing programs. Research is reviewed giving specific selection criteria on personality measures and on initial levels of interpersonal skills. A specific integrated didactic (feedback) and…

Transference, selective retention, and misperception-overstatement are factors considered in the guidance image problem. Suggests image prototypes for school counselors to project. (EK)

Profiles of 149 male marriage counselors were analyzed for mean of scales, standard deviations, variances, and for high and low point characteristics. Of these, 139 were judged by the writer as to ability to perform as marriage counselors. Symbolic interaction theory is the framework within which this research was done. (Author)

Investigated potential relationships between continuation in counseling and the variables of counselor experience, gender, and recognition of clients' problem definitions. Results indicated that clients were more likely to self-terminate after one session when counselors failed to recognize the problem, particularly with experienced counselors and…

Provides an overview of essential aspects of starting and maintaining a counseling group for suicidal individuals. Considers group purpose, member and therapist selection, therapeutic style, group size, length of treatment, areas of difficulty, and areas for discussion. (Author/MCF)

Examined the relationship between therapist values and reported use of various modes of nonverbal communication in individual counseling. Counselors (N=90) responded to a nonverbal closeness and touching behavior questionnaire and a value survey. Results indicated that therapist values are associated with various categories of nonverbal behavior.…

Assessed effects of counselor sex, experience, and self-disclosure level on perceived expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness. Results indicated expert counselors were rated more expert than nonexpert. Female experts were rated more expert than female nonexperts, but male experts and nonexperts did not differ. High-disclosing counselors…