This report reviews sex discrimination in guidance and counseling in secondary and post secondary education. The primary focus of the study is vocational guidance and counseling. Personal social counseling and mental health are examined briefly. The discussion is based on an extensive literature review, a re-analysis of existing data, and…

Developed measure of client reactions to therapist interventions, which differed significantly on client helpfulness ratings. Therapist intentions related to client reactions more for successful cases than unsuccessful cases. Pretreatment symptomatology was highly predictive of reactions reported. Predictable changes in reactions occurred across…

Elaborates issues surrounding ethical decision making in counseling and mental health professions. Articles covering implications for training, ethical counseling of adolescents and the elderly, and reviews of research on counselor ethics are included. (BH)

Empirical evidence suggests that client gender, client sexual orientation, counselor gender, and counselor sexual orientation are factors that influence counselors attitudes and treatment practices with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients. However, it is unclear how these factors may interact to affect attitudes and treatment practices.…

Recommends that counseling services for lifelong learners at community colleges focus on developmental needs and be integrated with other programs of the college. Discusses the personal characteristics of the counselor/educator and proposes a peer group counseling model. (JM)

Those aspects of adult learning that require counseling rather than tuition are discussed along with the counselling skills that are distinct from teaching skills. Attention is also directed toward the allocation of time and resources in the light of student needs and pressure of part-time staff. (Author/LBH)

Studied demographic characteristics, incidence, and levels of general life stress, burnout, and traumatic stress among a random sample of counselors (N=161). Younger counselors and those with the least amount of experience in trauma appeared more vulnerable to general stress and traumatic stress, respectively. Provides a profile of impaired…

Vocational rehabilitation counselors (n=187) and clients (n=122) were surveyed to identify counselor characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and skills perceived as most important. Counselors valued task-oriented behaviors more than clients. Female counselors and clients stressed the importance of caring, encouraging, and supporting more than male…

A survey for rating characteristics/skills of effective consultant behavior was developed and sent to and received from 177 school psychological/consultation experts and 307 school psychology practitioners nationwide. Four factors--consultation process skills, expert skills, personal characteristics, and interpersonal skills--were shared across…

Investigated the effects of counselor gender and drinking status on 93 mandated clients' perceptions of counselor trustworthiness, expertness and attractiveness, and confidence in the counselor. Results revealed no differences between ratings of recovering alcoholic, nonalcoholic, or no-statement counselors on any of the dependent measures.…

Relations among and between religion, spirituality, and the ability to cope with stress were examined using a sample of 115 graduate students in counseling. Religion and spirituality positively correlated with coping with stress. The results have implications for preparing counseling students to work with clients with religious/spiritual issues.…

This report presents data from a telephone survey of a randomly selected sample of 292 marriage and family therapists (MFTs) who were Clinical Members of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. The study, designed to better understand the current state of the field of MFT, provides descriptive data on the demographic…

Homosexuality was removed from the American Psychiatric Association's list of mental disorders in 1973. Though awareness has increased, and attitudes have changed over time, negative incidents continue to occur in therapy involving lesbian or gay clients. This study examined the differences in counseling psychology graduate students' perceived…

Research has shown that modeling is an effective learning technique. Since recent studies have advocated the use of culturally sensitive training videos in the training of student practitioners, counselors were shown counselor-client vignettes to determine whether or not the perceived credibility and cultural competency of the counselor was…

Several topics carry heavy weight in making psychologists in the schools more indispensable. Topics of this paper are: (1) the coming transition between "school psychology" of the 20th century and "psychology in the schools" of the 21st century; (2) the critical need for education reform, and the potential impact of such reforms on psychology in…