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Landa, Robin K.; Hansen, Bethany; Shillingsburg, M. Alice – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2017
Previous research has evaluated contrived motivating operations to teach mands for information. However, literature evaluating acquisition of the mand "when?" is comparatively limited. As an extension of Shillingsburg, Bowen, Valentino, & Pierce (2014), we taught three children with autism to engage in mands for information using…
Descriptors: Verbal Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement, Children, Autism
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Park, Chun Hui J.; Ganella, Despina E.; Kim, Jee Hyun – Learning & Memory, 2017
Anxiety disorders emerge early, and girls are significantly more likely to develop anxiety compared to boys. However, sex differences in fear during development are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated juvenile male and female rats in the relapse behaviors following extinction of conditioned fear. In all experiments, 18-d-old rats first…
Descriptors: Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Gender Differences, Fear
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Kenney, Justin W.; Scott, Ian C.; Josselyn, Sheena A.; Frankland, Paul W. – Learning & Memory, 2017
Zebrafish are a genetically tractable vertebrate that hold considerable promise for elucidating the molecular basis of behavior. Although numerous recent advances have been made in the ability to precisely manipulate the zebrafish genome, much less is known about many aspects of learning and memory in adult fish. Here, we describe the development…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Fear, Conditioning, Animals
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Tallot, Lucille; Diaz-Mataix, Lorenzo; Perry, Rosemarie E.; Wood, Kira; LeDoux, Joseph E.; Mouly, Anne-Marie; Sullivan, Regina M.; Doyère, Valérie – Learning & Memory, 2017
The updating of a memory is triggered whenever it is reactivated and a mismatch from what is expected (i.e., prediction error) is detected, a process that can be unraveled through the memory's sensitivity to protein synthesis inhibitors (i.e., reconsolidation). As noted in previous studies, in Pavlovian threat/aversive conditioning in adult rats,…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Error Patterns, Cognitive Processes, Brain
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Eckmier, Adam; de Marcillac, Willy Daney; Maître, Agnès; Jay, Thérèse M.; Sanders, Matthew J.; Godsil, Bill P. – Learning & Memory, 2016
Rodents are exquisitely sensitive to light and optogenetic behavioral experiments routinely introduce light-delivery materials into experimental situations, which raises the possibility that light could leak and influence behavioral performance. We examined whether rats respond to a faint diffusion of light, termed caplight, which emanated through…
Descriptors: Animals, Light, Animal Behavior, Fear
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Williams, Amy R.; Kim, Earnest S.; Lattal, K. Matthew – Learning & Memory, 2019
A fundamental property of extinction is that the behavior that is suppressed during extinction can be unmasked through a number of postextinction procedures. Of the commonly studied unmasking procedures (spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, contextual renewal, and rapid reacquisition), rapid reacquisition is the only approach that allows a direct…
Descriptors: Fear, Conditioning, Context Effect, Memory
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Romesburg, H. Charles – American Biology Teacher, 2019
A classroom exercise is described in which college students take part in creating and supporting an evolutionary hypothesis that explains effort grunting. The exercise holds their interest throughout and readies them to understand hypotheses of animal and plant evolution. It informs them about the dependence of cultural evolution upon biological…
Descriptors: Evolution, Genetics, Science Instruction, Biology
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Bisby, Madelyne A.; Baker, Kathryn D.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2018
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are considered critical for the consolidation of extinction but recent work challenges this assumption. Namely, NMDARs are not required for extinction retention in infant rats as well as when extinction training occurs for a second time (i.e., reextinction) in adult rats. In this study, a possible third instance of…
Descriptors: Fear, Learning Processes, Conditioning, Brain
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Lee, Jessica C.; Hayes, Brett K.; Lovibond, Peter F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Two experiments tested whether a peak-shifted generalization gradient could be explained by the averaging of distinct gradients displayed in subgroups reporting different generalization rules. Across experiments using a causal judgment task (Experiment 1) and a fear conditioning paradigm (Experiment 2), we found a close concordance between…
Descriptors: Generalization, Associative Learning, Discrimination Learning, Learning Theories
Needham, Mick – ProQuest LLC, 2018
Despite an abundance of research on interventions to improve social skills of young children with intellectual disabilities (ID), there is limited research on interventions aimed at improving social skills of adults with ID. The purpose of this single-subject study was to evaluate the outcomes of the Behavioral Opportunities for Social Skills…
Descriptors: Intellectual Disability, Adults, Skill Development, Interpersonal Competence
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Brown, Esther L.; Shin, Naomi – First Language, 2022
Child language acquisition research has provided ample evidence of lexical frequency effects. This corpus-based analysis introduces a novel frequency measure shown to significantly constrain adult language variation, but heretofore unexplored in child language acquisition research. Among adults, frequent occurrence of a form in a particular…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Form Classes (Languages), Word Frequency, Computational Linguistics
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Goehring, Jenny L.; Hughes, Michelle L. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2017
Purpose: This study evaluated the use of telepractice for measuring cochlear implant (CI) behavioral threshold (T) levels in children using conditioned play audiometry (CPA). The goals were to determine whether (a) T levels measured via telepractice were not significantly different from those obtained in person, (b) response probability differed…
Descriptors: Surgery, Assistive Technology, Deafness, Children
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Cassini, Lindsey F.; Flavell, Charlotte R.; Amaral, Olavo B.; Lee, Jonathan L. C. – Learning & Memory, 2017
Retrieval of an associative memory can lead to different phenomena. Brief reexposure sessions tend to trigger reconsolidation, whereas more extended ones trigger extinction. In appetitive and fear cued Pavlovian memories, an intermediate "null point" period has been observed where neither process seems to be engaged. Here we investigated…
Descriptors: Fear, Memory, Learning Processes, Recall (Psychology)
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Peterson, Stephanie M.; Frieder, Jessica E.; Quigley, Shawn P.; Kestner, Kathryn M.; Goyal, Manish; Smith, Shilo L.; Dayton, Elizabeth; Brower-Breitwieser, Carrie – Education and Treatment of Children, 2017
One measure of success for interventions treating problem behavior is the effects achieved in the face of a challenge (e.g., changes in reinforcement schedules, lapses in treatment integrity); one hopes to demonstrate persistence of appropriate alternatives and the absence of resurgence of target behaviors. The present study successfully treated…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Maintenance, Behavior Problems, Outcomes of Treatment
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Leung, Hiu T.; Holmes, Nathan M.; Westbrook, R. Frederick – Learning & Memory, 2016
Four experiments used between- and within-subject designs to examine appetitive-aversive interactions in rats. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effect of an excitatory appetitive conditioned stimulus (CS) on acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear. In Experiment 1, a CS shocked in a compound with an appetitive excitor (i.e., a stimulus…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Animals, Interaction, Conditioning
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