Contrary to previous findings, children as young as 3 1/2-4 years of age exhibited the ability to use nonverbal, ikonic mediation. Production deficiencies and inefficiencies were more common than mediation deficiencies and inefficiencies. (MH)

Results failed to replicate previous findings of a temporal processing deficit specific to the auditory modality in LI children. Further analyses resolved this apparent conflict between the present and earlier studies by demonstrating that age is an important variable underlying modality specificity of perceptual performance in LI children.…

Results indicated that 8 of the 36 adolescents fell into the strategy-absent category, characterized by a large discrepancy (in either direction) between their verbal and nonverbal abilities. Ss whose disabilities were limited primarily to reading and written language were largely spontaneous strategy users (17 out of 20). (Author)

The present study addresses the distinction between specific (SLI) and nonspecific (NLI) language impairment at an etiological level by estimating the relative genetic and environmental contributions to language impairment in children with SLI and NLI. Drawing on a large longitudinal twin study, we tested a sample of 356 four-and-a-half-year-old…

Performances on tasks of phonemic manipulation, working memory, rapid naming, multisyllable word naming, receptive vocabulary and nonverbal intelligence were compared with decoding and spelling scores for 75 beginning readers. Multiple regression analysis revealed that phonemic manipulation accounted for the greatest amount of variance for both…

The Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-3rd Edition (TONI-3) and the Analogic Reasoning (AR) subscale of the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT) were administered to 35 individuals with autism to determine whether real-world-knowledge deficits affected intelligence scores. The 2 tests are similar in format; however, the TONI-3 includes only…

Language impairment is a primary characteristic of children with autism; however, findings on the language deficits of these children have been inconclusive, and even less is known about the language profiles of Chinese-speaking children with autism. The present study examined the verbal expression-comprehension abilities of 46 Chinese children at…

A number of studies investigating the brain characteristics of mathematically gifted youth indicate that they possess a unique functional organisation as compared to those of average math ability (O'Boyle, et al., 1995). Specifically, data from a variety of behavioural and psychophysiological experiments tend to suggest enhanced processing…

Lynn [Lynn, R., 2002. Sex differences on the progressive matrices among 15-16 year olds: some data from South Africa. "Personality and Individual Differences 33," 669-673.] proposed that biologically based developmental sex differences produce different IQ trajectories across childhood and adolescence. To test this theory we analyzed the…

Twenty adolescent male offenders and 36 nonoffenders were compared on two tasks designed to assess reactions to the nonverbal emotion expressions of others. (Author)

The results of this study support the notion that different parts of Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices Test tap different processes. Sets A and Ab employ the rationale of the Inhelder-Piaget Test and rely on solution by graphic processes, whereas set B involves solution by opeational means. Total score results may be less appropriate than the…

The relationship between non-verbal decoding ability and social intelligence, defined as the ability to decode social information accurately, was studied using 40 adults. Results are discussed in the framework of R. J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of human intelligence. Decoding skills appeared to be an important part of social intelligence. (SLD)

Background: The right shift (RS) theory of handedness suggests that poor phonology may occur in the general population as a risk associated with absence of an agent of left cerebral speech, the hypothesised RS + gene. The theory predicts that poor phonology is associated with reduced bias to right-handedness. Methods: A representative cohort of…