In the preparation of 12-inch disc teaching machine materials for elementary college courses, a preliminary analysis of subject matter and required skills precedes sequential framing. The programer must assess the beginning level of student competence and frame questions to supply new material until the proper response stands alone. Statements for…

The first step in learning to read is to recognize the visual language code as equivalent to the auditory code. The next step is the translation between auditory and visual information as well as between temporal and spatial organizations. The factors contributing to such translations are divided into six subprocesses: auditory sequence…

Compared were the characteristics of 60 learning disabled (LD) and 60 normal children (all between 8- and 11-years-old) participating in the Georgia Reading Research Program. The target group consisted of LD children who showed deficits in the psychological process of ordering/sequencing; while the LD reference group were average or above average…

Although previous research has indicated no significant relationship between sequencing of programed instructional materials and terminal achievement, it is felt that certain conditions might produce such a relationship. In order to test this idea, a hierarchy of word meanings was constructed, in which each definition was dependent on the previous…

A Piagetan task (transfer task) and a complex science task (final task) were used to compare the maturational view of Piaget with that of cumulative learning with respect to solving a science problem. A learning hierarchy of subordinate capabilities was constructed for the complex science task. Three phases of the experiment were: (1) pretest on…

The instructional design presented in this article discusses a procedure for arranging and sequencing examples and nonexamples for concept teaching in the classroom. Concepts are divided into two types: definition and observation. A definition concept is one in which the critical attributes are determined by the definition, e.g., war. Observation…

The effects of 2 different types of positive and negative instances in learning "non-dimensioned" concepts were investigated. "Non-dimensioned" concepts are defined only by the presence or absence of distinct attributes. One-hundred-seventy-one 8th graders were given series of all positive or alternating positive and negative instances. Series of…

Several ways of structuring the early trials of a complex concept formation task were compared. Training trials were divided into two segments: (1) an asynchronous segment with one relevant and one irrelevant cue held constant while one relevant and one irrelevant cue varied and (2) a synchronous segment with all cues free to vary. The…

Describes an approach to teaching civilization that organizes course content so that students respond to it from their own personal experience. The approach also closely links the learning of cultural information to the learning of linguistic information. (MSE)

The authors discuss the results of their study into the behavior, values, and attitudes of students and teachers. They found that each person has a particular approach to learning or teaching that is most comfortable for them. Four learning/teaching channels are detailed: concrete sequential, abstract sequential, abstract random, and concrete…

Woodworking experiences based on a task analysis approach can be motivating instructional experiences for preschool handicapped children. The article presents sequentially ordered hammering and sawing skills adaptations for specific disability groups. (CL)

This report is one in a series of reference documents designed to assist those who are directly involved in the revision and improvement of content standards, as well as teachers who use standards and benchmarks to guide everyday instruction. Reports in the series provide information about how benchmarks might best appear in a sequence of…

Discusses the importance of internal integration of materials in learning. Cautions that instructional methods based on dividing material into small component bits impedes integration. Also lists principles of teaching which facilitate children's learning. (DP)

The application of crisis theory to the study of change is relevant to the rehabilitation of the severely disabled as well as to personal changes such as marriage or the birth of a first child. (DB)