This study intended to confirm differences in peer relations between inquisitive and noninquisitive experiment class through social network analysis. In this study, inquiry science experiment classes for 30 students and noninquiry science experiment classes for different 30 students in the chapter named ‚Animals and Energy? of the second year of…

Purpose: Steiner schools represent a natural experiment in the provision of schooling. With a history dating back more than 100 years, leadership, leaders and the principal do not sit easily with Steiner educators. The contemporary regulatory environment requires a "principal" or legal authority at the school-building level, creating a…

Enhancing the problem-solving skills of learners belonging to socio-economically disadvantaged groups is a great concern in general and particularly in the Indian context. Problem-solving skills are the most important skills of the 21st century for all learners to acquire necessary competencies. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the…

In today's world shaped by technology and the natural sciences, knowledge and skills related to experimentation are crucial, especially given growing public debates about science-related topics. Despite a strong emphasis on experimentation in science curricula worldwide, learners still encounter diverse challenges when experimenting. This paper…

Aimed to adapt the experimental teaching to keeping up with the actual application of the experimental scene, an experimental teaching based on virtual-real combination for mobile communication was proposed in this article, which realized the collaborative mode of combining online virtual operations and real operations. The virtual experiments…

The Arduino microcontroller is currently one of the favorite tools of makers, and many teachers have used it in teaching or experiments. In addition, light-emitting diode (LED) smart lighting is the worldwide trend in lighting. There are many teaching demonstrations or applications of color addition using LEDs. Furthermore, the Internet of Things…

Racism primarily has been examined in United States (U.S.) educational contexts via survey and qualitative investigations, which reveal Black, Indigenous, and People of Colors' (BIPOCs') self-reported experiences of individual racism. Missing from this research is a focus on the perpetrators of racism and the institutional nature of racism in U.S.…

The differential susceptibility model proposes that some children are more susceptible to both positive and negative peer relationships than others. However, experimental evidence supporting such a proposition is relatively scarce. The current experiment aimed to help address this gap, investigating whether Chinese (pre)adolescents who have higher…

A straightforward protocol for the preparation of the colorful and air-stable diphenyl ditelluride is described. In one laboratory session, students isolate their product and characterize it via melting point determination, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy ([superscript 1]H, [superscript 13]C­{[superscript 1]H}, and [superscript…

In this laboratory experiment, first-semester organic chemistry students use mechanistic reasoning to propose possible outcomes for the reaction of vanillin isobutyrate with a hydride source. The students subsequently run the reaction, isolate the product, and acquire its infrared spectrum. The experiment provides students with the opportunity to…

Hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting via hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) powered by sustainable energy has been recognized as one of the most promising alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. To integrate the fundamental knowledge of chemistry, electrochemistry, and materials science with practical application and…

Chemical kinetics is a branch of physical chemistry that constitutes an essential part of undergraduate education. In general, a complex and expensive experimental apparatus is indispensable for observing the kinetics of a chemical process owing to the continuity of chemical reactions. Thus, intuitive visualization of the chemical kinetics using a…

In cluster randomized evaluations, a treatment or intervention is randomly assigned to a set of clusters each with constituent individual units of observations (e.g., student units that attend schools, which are assigned to treatment). One consideration of these designs is how many units are needed per cluster to achieve adequate statistical…

In cluster randomized evaluations, a treatment or intervention is randomly assigned to a set of clusters each with constituent individual units of observations (e.g., student units that attend schools, which are assigned to treatment). One consideration of these designs is how many units are needed per cluster to achieve adequate statistical…

In this study, students' understanding of some important features of competitive elimination and substitution reactions of alcohols was examined based on their participation in a guided inquiry activity of two organic laboratory experiments: the dehydration of cyclohexanol and the conversion of tert-butyl alcohol into tert-butyl chloride. Students…