This paper argues why children with Mathematical Learning Disabilities (MLD) do not form a unitary group. Instead, they should be regarded as individuals with unique profiles of strengths and weaknesses that explain their mathematical difficulties. To build this argument, we shortly recapitulate the research on MLD, which has mainly been focused…

Heteronormativity posits the superiority of heterosexuality and heterosexually-based norms over all other forms of sexual or gender expression, and heteronormative beliefs have been shown to affect how individuals view sexuality and gender. The concept of gender transition inherently goes against the ideals of heteronormativity. The current study…

Previous research has found that even young children accurately assign wealth labels (e.g., rich or poor) to real-world wealth symbols, such as pictures of houses. However, it is unclear whether children spontaneously consider individuals' wealth status when predicting how they will behave toward others. In Study 1, children (n = 100, ages 4-5 and…

There is considerable evidence that labeling supports infants' object categorization. Yet in daily life, most of the category exemplars that infants encounter will remain unlabeled. Inspired by recent evidence from machine learning, we propose that infants successfully exploit this sparsely labeled input through "semi-supervised…

The "Superkids," a group of highly gifted students, were first portrayed in a 2004 documentary. In response to the question of what happened to these students after the original film, a second documentary has been produced. The sequel focused on these individual's lives, their retrospective insights about gifted education, their…

Research suggests that autistic children can provide accurate and forensically useful eyewitness evidence. However, members of a jury also rely on non-verbal behaviours when judging the credibility of a witness, and this could determine the verdict of a case. We presented mock jurors with videos (from an experimental study) of one of two child…

The goal of this study was to analyse the role of the assessment of students with special educational needs from the perspective of professionals in Madrid (Spain), who work in multi-professional teams (psychologists, social workers, support teachers and others) and are responsible for its realisation, which, in principle, should be a support to…

Background: To combat stereotype threat, several school-based field trials have leveraged self-affirmation theory (Steele & Liu, 1983; Liu & Steele, 1986), wherein affirming one's important beliefs and values can buffer against identity threats. Self-affirmation theory posits that individuals are motivated to maintain a positive overall…

This study uses a new, contemporary dataset of nearly 13,000 traditional public K-12 school district superintendent names to examine superintendent gender gaps. Superintendent gender gaps are described at the national and state level, and in conjunction with district demographic data. I find significant superintendent gender gaps across the…

Background/Context: Recently there has been increased emphasis on disaggregating students' experiences collected through surveys based on student identities (Arredondo, 2016). Yet demographic data collection is problematic by nature, often reducing the complexity of an individual's racial, gender, or sexual identity to a single category. Racial…

Mental disorders are disorders of the cognitive, emotional or behavioral condition of an individual. They can have several origins and are usually associated with expressive anguish and difficulty in various aspects of life, including school education. Mental disorders are accompanied by social stigmas which may be linked to the belief in genetic…

Background: Here, I examine the status of 'learning disability' as a basic concept. This kind of questioning may be thought a task for philosophy, or at least for 'theory' or 'disability studies'. Materials and methods: I identify history instead as a discipline well placed to reveal the category errors that surround the concept. Results: These…

A person's name(s) is typically tied to their family, culture, and sense of identity. Consequently, when a child's name is inaccurately pronounced, altered, or avoided, a host of adverse consequences may transpire. Although seemingly innocuous, this necessitates attention, as name mispronunciation and change perpetuate microaggressions ubiquitous…

The role of early childhood education and care (ECEC) is to support the learning and development of children in collaboration with families. The notion of inclusion in ECEC provides children with a sense of agency in becoming a learner able to participate fully and actively in their community. This paper illustrates how ECEC assessment approaches…

While there exists an extensive body of literature on Early Career Researchers (ECRs), there has been a notable lack of focus on the hurdles encountered by ECRs in social sciences at local universities when it comes to academic publishing. This study addresses this gap by conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 Chinese university…