This research tested Paivio's (1971) proposal that pictorial and verbal memory codes interact with space and time. This "interaction hypothesis" states that pictorial memory codes are specialized for spatial structures and verbal memory codes are specialized for temporal structures. Tests this hypothesis by exploring several variations…

Thirty-three impulsive learning-disabled males, aged 9-12 years were involved in the study to investigate techniques for reducing impulsive cognitive tempo. (Author)

A study is presented which supports the contention that planned exposure to a greater number of stimuli will affect achievement of seven-, eight-, and nine-year-olds. (MN)

Studies the processing of pictures and words as symbols. Shows that the superiority of pictures results from the fact that pictures are interpreted more quickly than words, but that after the interpretation is made, processing is the same. Also gives evidence that pictures and words are both processed in terms of linguistic codes rather than…

Vocal and object-directed behaviors of parents and infants were examined according to the social-construction view of development. Interactions of 66 infant-parent dyads were observed. Normative changes and stability of individual differences of joint-action variables and the relation of these variables to 30-month cognitive-development status…

Thirty normal geriatric individuals, who had been randomly assigned to one of three feedback modes, were instructed to produce a phrase at slow, average, and fast speaking rates. Results suggest that visual-verbal and verbal-quantitative feedback lead to significantly better performance than verbal-qualitative feedback, particularly when the task…

Four preschoolers (ages 4-5) received self-instructional training in overt and covert self-verbalizations. Treatment effects were evident in the training setting. Generalization of self-verbalizations to the classroom setting was related to changes in performance accuracy, on-task behavior, and efficiency in completing academic work. (Author/JW)

Investigates (in two phases) how coherence is cued between turns in conversations. Indicates that (1) turns were consistently paired well beyond chance, suggesting that explicit cues to connections between turns in conversations do exist; and (2) only lexical devices were found significantly more often in coherent than incoherent pairs. (NKA)

The release from proactive interference task as used to investigate categorical encoding of items. Low socioeconomic status Black and middle socioeconomic status White children were compared. Conceptual encoding differences between these populations were not detected in automatic conceptual encoding but were detected when the free recall method…

Examines imitation of motor, vocal, and verbal behaviors by infants 10 to 16 months old. The imitation battery consisted of 21 behaviors in four motor and two vocal categories. The familiarity or novelty of individual behaviors was assessed through maternal interviews. Results are discussed in terms of Uzgaris' (1981) conceptualization of two…

Based on psychological approaches that evoke mental representations through verbal and visual cues, this paper investigates the different kinds of mental representations projected by 8 to 11 year old children of identified arithmetical achievement when responding to verbal and visual stimuli associated with fractions. It examines how the visual…

Results of this experiment indicated that sixth grade children made better use of context than fourth graders. (ST)

The high degree of predictability of Finnish orthography is reflected in a uniformly high ability of school children by the end of the first grade to pronounce unfamiliar words from their spellings. (Author)

The aim of this paper has been to develop a coherent account of covert operations involved in reading and comprehension, naming, and comparisons of names and shapes. (Author)