On average, 67 youths under age 18 die at work in the United States each year, and many more suffer work-related injuries. In 1998, an estimated 77,000 young workers suffered work injuries that required treatment in hospital emergency rooms. It is estimated that only one third of work-related injuries are seen in emergency departments; therefore,…

Hurricane Katrina devastated the American gulf coast, leaving hundreds of thousands of people homeless and without food, water, shelter, and clothing. Men, women, and children perished, crushed by the effects of violent winds across four states, or drowned in massive ocean waves and in floodwater that swamped New Orleans and made the city…

This analytical review aims at exploring trends in educational access and delineating different groups, which are vulnerable to exclusion from educational opportunities at the elementary stage. This review has drawn references from series of analytical papers developed on different themes i.e. regional disparity in education, social equity and…

Addressed to British companies doing business overseas, this briefing paper offers recommendations on practical steps to combat exploitative child labor while explaining why action without the provision of alternative incomes could drive children into higher risk areas of the informal economy. The paper explains that if sufficient resources are…

This paper examines risk and liability issues related to school to work (STW) programs. With the passage of the federal School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994, the distance between the school and the world of work is diminishing. The Act's requirement that students, schools, and employers become part of an integrated learning process brings the…

A joint hearing was held to consider S. 600, a U.S. Senate bill designed to help educate the public about federal child labor laws and strengthen enforcement of child labor laws through an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Senator Howard M. Metzenbaum presided. The hearings were called because of sporadic enforcement of inadequate…

This document reports the oral and written testimony given at a hearing on the exploitation of children and teenagers in the workplace. Witnesses included officials of fast food chains and other businesses, Labor Department officials, employees of fast food chains and their parents, and parents of children who were killed or injured while working.…

Significant regional differences in the proportion of white male and female children in the 19th century in different areas of the United States may be attributable to the economy. Boys were more numerous than girls in the South and along the frontier, while the ratio was more equal or in favor of girls in the eastern states. Data were obtained…

This booklet is a guide to the provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (also known as the Wage-Hour Law) which apply to minors employed in agriculture. The content is as follows: coverage of the child labor provisions regarding agricultural employment, minimum age standards for employment in agriculture, school hours and employment in…

This document presents Pennsylvania guidelines for interpreting child labor legislation. In Section I employment certification of minors under the child labor law, the school laws of Pennsylvania, and the federal law are discussed. In Section II the issuing officers responsible for issuing employment certificates are identified, procedures for…

This survey sought to estimate the economic value of children to their parents in two peasant villages in Java and Nepal in order to examine the economic interpretation of fertility. The major focus is on estimating directly the contribution of children's labor in terms of average time spent per day in different types of activities. The support…

Developed for personnel who have responsibility in the issuance of employment and age certificates, this document contains sections on: (1) The Young Worker, His Job, and the Law, (2) Good Practices, (3) The Larger View, and (4) Certificates and Federal Law. Guidelines are provided for a coordinator or principal, the director of attendance, the…

This chapter, Chapter 2 in "the Economics of Gender in Mexico," uses retrospective household survey data from Mexico to assess the long-term impacts of school dropout and of working early in life, in terms of adult labor market returns. Through these data, it is possible to link adult wages to the ages at which individuals started…

As the world embarks on a new millennium, the reality of child labor in developing and industrialized nations seems daunting. This teacher's guide is designed to introduce the subject of child labor to middle school students. The guide's intent is to provide teachers with ideas and suggestions that will help them in preparing their own lesson…

This 2001 edition of Educational International's (EI) "Barometer on Trade Union and Human Rights in the Education Sector" focuses on four fundamental human rights: (1) the right to education; (2) academic freedom; (3) children's right to be protected from exploitation; and (4) workers' rights to form and join trade unions and to organize…