This study examined the interactive role of empathic disposition and affective perspective-taking ability (APT) in children's machiavellianism, prosocial behavior, and motive for helping. Children demonstrating low empathy and high APT were expected to be highly machiavellian and to cite self-oriented reasons for helping more frequently than would…

This paper presents a developmental study of social competence in preschool children which examines the relationship of motor competence, egocentrism and demographic characteristics to the development of social competence. Tests of motor skills and role taking ability were administered individually to 54 preschool children ranging in age from 3…

Subjects were 50 17 year-old students from a variety of types of schools (parochial, private, public) in two New England areas were interviewed for moral and faith development according to the theories of Kohlberg and Fowler. Socioeconomic level and IQ were highly correlated with faith and moral scores. Experiences of the death of someone close…

This monograph suggests various counseling techniques for enhancing the self-esteem of minorities. A frame of reference is presented for considering minority group self-esteem. Themes related to minority group perspectives and their existence in the writings of psychotherapists are reviewed. A section on cultural diversity discusses the family,…

This paper proposes that the automatic use of therapeutic approaches devised for Americans and Europeans with clients belonging to different cultures may be counter-productive. Cultural differences between Caucasian-Americans and Japanese-Americans are examined and general elements to be considered in counseling Japanese-Americans are explained.…

This paper describes a university course on counseling women designed to provide an integration of: (1) a general cognitive understanding of women along psychological, physiological, sociological, and developmental dimensions; (2) a recognition and understanding of cognitive-developmental theory as a framework within which to counsel women; and…

The effects of content schemata, embodying the reader's existing knowledge about a topic, on reading comprehension were examined in two experiments in which high school and college students were instructed to take a distinctive point of view while reading and recalling a story. Perspectives assigned before reading, shortly after reading, and long…

The development of young children's internal representations of large space was assessed by asking 15 boys and 15 girls to construct a three-dimensional model of their kindergarten classroom. Three groups of 10 children (ranging in age from 4 years, 8 months to 6 years, 3 months) were tested, two in the spring and one in the fall. One of the…

The jigsaw technique of classroom instruction utilizes small groups and peer teaching to help students develop the skill of cooperation. The authors review research on its effect on achievement, role taking abilities, and interethnic perceptions in Mexican American and Anglo students. Implications for desegregation are drawn. (SJL)

The article describes "Teaching, Learning, and Caring" (TLC), a program designed for partially mainstreamed behavior disordered adolescents (ages 14-18). Eight TLC skill areas are the focus of interpersonal skills training: communication mode, empathy, goal identification, cue sensitivity, alternative thinking, skills implementation, consequential…

Two-year-old children's participation in family interaction was examined in two longitudinal observational studies of family conflict that focused on three developmental issues: children's understanding of the feelings and intentions of other family members, their understanding of social rules within the family, and the relation of emotional…

Seventy-five children at ages 10, 13, and 16 were administered Selman's role-taking interview, a measure of social desirability, and a multidomain measure of self-doubt. Consistent with the social-cognitive model, self-doubt decreased and role taking ability increased with age during early adolescence. (Author/JAZ)

This paper asserts that one of the ways for a college to determine its continually changing future is to develop plausible scenarios, become familiar with them, and make decisions based on a broad playing field of possibilities. This paper records Minneapolis Community and Technical College's (MCTC) first attempt at a future scenario. Members of…

A study investigated the comparative effectiveness of videotape protocols and role-play simulations as procedures for eliciting designated teacher competencies. Results indicate that the videotape protocol treatment was the superior procedure for teaching specific behaviors to preservice teachers in a field-based reading practicum. (CJ)

Supports the proposition that orthopedically handicapped children are deficient in communication skills development. Increased contact with peers, through integrated classrooms, overcomes this deficiency to a certain degree. None of the children--handicapped or not, in integrated or in segregated classes--seem able to adapt their communication…