Studies in the past have shown that reinforcements independent of the subjects actions may induce a feeling of helplessness. Most experiments on learned helplessness have led researchers to believe that uncontrollability (non-contingency of feedback upon response) was the determining feature of learned helplessness, although in most studies…

Aspects of problem-solving measured here are delay of gratification, field-dependence independence, and the relection-impulsivity dimension. The following hypotheses are proposed (1) Those subjects who score high on externality will not delay gratification as those who score low, but they will score lower on measures on field-independence than…

Described are the objectives, activities, and outcomes of a program to provide individualized educational programing to 55 multiply handicapped children from preschool through primary grades at the Western Pennsylvania School for Blind Children in 1971-72. Noted are staff cohesiveness in defining and implementing instructional programs and the…

An ESEA Title III project in language arts, this program emphasizes instruction tailored to the individual learner's needs. In the fall of 1974, Southside Elementary School, Crestview, Florida, adopted the program which is described and evaluated in this paper. Program components include team teaching in an open space classroom; the use of…

Seventy-eight fourth grade children were randomly assigned to one of two evaluation groups. One group (self-evaluation) judged the correctness of their answers and reinforced themselves while the other group (other-evaluation) was judged and reinforced by some other person. Results showed that girls were significantly more responsible for failure…

Designed for teachers and other professional school personnel, the text presents the characteristics of children with learning and behavioral handicaps accompanied with an illustrative case study. The three variables of teaching (instructional media, school environment, and student behavior) are described in terms of effective manipulation of such…

Twenty culturally deprived children planning to enter first grade in the fall attended an 8-week half-day summer program in which a systematic classroom management program utilizing token reinforcement and isolation techniques was combined with a strong academic program. One hour and 40 minutes was allotted daily to pre-reading and language…

The effects of three experimental treatments on second and third grade, disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged children's choices between an immediate smaller and deferred larger reward were investigated in a 2 x 3 factorial design. In one condition, subjects were required to earn the larger reinforcement by working during the delay period. A second…

This is a bibliography of 81 papers and books published in the years 1957-1970 relevant to the subject of verbally-elicited responses that are in accordance with principles of classical conditioning. Of these publications, 24 are by Staats--one of the bibliographers--and his associates. (MF)

Motion pictures are not simply pictures that move. Instead, they involve a range of symbols, each of which has a somewhat unique function in the communication of meaning. The power of motion pictures lies in the range of symbols that can be employed and in the degree of their integrated expression of meanings. We can improve the effectiveness of…

Three documents describe the Project Success Environment Program, which was funded to help alleviate behavioral and academic problems of children from urban, low-socio-economic backgrounds by providing them with an opportunity to experience success in school. The program, sponsored by the Atlanta Public Schools, consisted of: (1) a positive…

Fifty randomly selected moderate and low implementing Distar Language teachers were retrained in techniques of correcting students' mistakes and recycling through an instructional task until all of the children in the group responded without error (criterion teaching). As a result of retraining, the experimental teachers performed at a…

A description is provided of a computer-based simulation of an instructional system which adapts the learning environment to the individual's unique attributes for processing information and for being motivated. The main purposes of the simulation are: 1) to introduce, as attributes for individualizing instruction, information processing variables…

The Weber Mental Health Center consultation program to schools is described. The conditions under which children might be directly treated at the center are enumerated, but the essential thrust of the program is to train teachers, administrators, and parents the principles and application of learning theory to the management of children's…

A study was conducted to: (1) assess the equivalence of the Nowicki Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children, the Stephens-Delys Reinforcement Contingency Interview, and the Gruen-Korte-Stephens test and the construct validity of each; and (2) investigate the impact on IE of the open classroom Follow Through program sponsored by the…