A total of 3039 tenth-grade students in seven Pennsylvania high schools participated in an experiment, part of a study to attempt an assessment of the relative contribution to learning from the following: 1. Films of participation (by immediate audience response to inserted questions on salient facts). 2. Films of reinforcement (by immediate…

The utilization of non-professional personnel as language teachers was investigated using forty residents and an equal number of controls who were matched on the variables of CA, IQ, and Language Age (mean CA 13.28 and mean IQ 33). Two former psychiatric aids were trained as language developmentalists by classroom experiences, informal discussions…

The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the influence of anthropomorphic models as a therapeutic vehicle to help 5-year-old Indian children to appropriately handle, and thereby decrease, physical and verbal aggression, and (2) to investigate the influence of group counseling with Indian mothers as it affects agression in their preschool…

The purpose of this study was to determine the applicability of sociobehavioral principles and techniques for influencing or changing the behavior of adults in a learning group. The behavior on which this study focused was off-task behavior, defined as that behavior inconsistent or incongruent with the lesson plan for that particular day, or with…

The project at Beaufort County Technical Institute has culminated in the development of an instructional system that provides each student desiring to enter the Electrical Technology curriculum the opportunity to enroll at any time during the year and to work at a pace determined by his own ability, background and motivation. The systems approach…

Discussed in a paper which was presented at the 1974 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association are diagnostic procedures for instructional planning to be used with learning disabled elementary school children handicapped in the area of mathematics. Traditional diagnostic approaches such as intelligence tests are criticized.…

Guidelines are furnished for application of psychological theory (including principles of learning, motivation, and reinforcement) in the training room, job or task analysis, formation of learning objectives, and selection of appropriate training techniques and audiovisual aids. The importance of clear communication and a supportive learning…

The effects of behavioral and performance contingencies on classroom behavior and on academic performance were investigated. The subjects, third grade students from an inner city elementary school, were exposed to a series of conditions including baseline, behavior contingencies, performance contingencies, and a mix of behavior and performance…

The definition and uses of interactive instructional designs are presented in this book. Eight examples are given of the variety of designs available to the classroom teacher and a chapter is devoted to each. The chapters describe the usefulness of the particular design, its operation, the design format, and the method for evaluating the outcomes.…

Composed of articles selected from recent issues of "Educational Technology" magazine, this volume of the review series centers on using programed instruction. Subjects covered in the articles include performance problem solving, the criterion problem, programed materials, contingency management, Soviet Union programs, reinforcement, specific…

This study investigates whether teachers do hold differential expectations for boys and girls in a diverse range of classroom functioning. Major research conducted to date and a study currently underway are reviewed. In sum, this paper hopes to raise a number of important questions for future investigation. Much previous research has investigated…

Operation Pathfinder was a special manpower project designed to retrain behaviors of the disadvantaged and to establish positive motivations to work for a living through application of social reinforcement methodology. The project demonstrated that a positive reinforcing environment and properly structured work situation will provide a means of…

A new Formative Evaluation Test on Bloom's paper "Learning for Mastery" is presented. The self-instructional quiz has the principles of mastery learning in it, features instant knowledge of results coupled with prescriptive feedback, and has a non-punitive student self-scoring and item-of-difficulty identification system. It should be an…

Conflicting evidence as to the presence or absence of generalization in classroom behavior modification programs prompted this study of the conditions of generalization. During the experiment, behaviors operationally defined as competitive or cooperative were reinforced in certain game situations. Then the generalization of this training over…

The relationship between physically and psychologically stressful experiences and the anxiety and self concept of 33 male and 11 female participants (aged 16-38 years) in a 23-day Colorado Outward Bound (OB) course was analyzed. It was hypothesized that the effects of the OB experience would: be the same for male and female participants; alter…