A description is given of the development and application of contingency management (CM) techniques to the educational performance of a broad cross section of adult, male prison inmates. By most standards, these inmates are judged to be at the lowest rung of the motivational ladder. Draper Correctional Center experimental and demonstration…

Chapter One of this manual includes a definition of "disadvantagement," and discussion of implications for manpower requirements, distribution of the disadvantaged, employment conditions and outlook, early environment, predominant acquired characteristics, and response to training. Chapter Two discusses concepts of motivation, including drives,…

Teachers in the Tucson Early Childhood Education Model (TEEM) are being encouraged to employ "the professional response" in classroom interactions to stimulate pupil thinking. The teacher uses the professional response when she responds to a child in such a way as to invite him to recall previous experiences and to predict in terms of these, to…

This study examines the relationship between organizational structure and elements of three social system processes: (1) input and output boundary exchanges, (2) system production, and (3) use of facilities. The specific system processes are enrollment planning and student placement, curriculum continuity, and use of physical and social…

Three sets of instructional materials were prepared by third graders after working with and responding to similar experimental materials in reading and social science. The curriculum begins at a point when most children are able to read, however, supplementary listening passages and other readiness training and assessment is provided for those who…

This document provides brief descriptions of the 20 individual programs now in effect for Follow Through research and development. Follow Through is attempting to assess the effectiveness of a variety of innovative approaches to working with young children and their families in a number of cultural and environmental settings. These approaches…

Current research indicates the possible influence of IE development on cognitive development. Efforts are being made to identify behaviors by which parents or teachers can increase development of internal control expectancies in preschool children. Studies correlating children's IE scores with various mother behaviors or mother-child interaction…

The Pacific State Hospital conducted a demonstration experiment with 12 severely and profoundly mentally retarded male adolescents, which concentrated on modifying disruptive, bothersome behaviors while developing basic work skills required for daily activity in sheltered workshops. The experiment provided an integrated program for an entire day,…

This paper reports on alternative programs to current educational practice as a means of overcoming some institutional barriers to change. The program reported on the Tucson Early Education Model, a comprehensive educational program which encompasses all of the criterial attributes of the open classroom as specified in the introduction to this…

The paper presents a summary overview of the major methods by which human environments have been assessed and characterized. Six general types of dimensions are identified: 1) Ecological Dimensions which include both geographical and meteorological and architectural and physical design variables; 2) behavior settings, which are the only units thus…

This report describes the results of the first year of a five-year study whose overall aims are twofold: (1) to discover classroom strategies that can improve students' achievement, their self concept, and their belief in their own ability to control the type of reinforcement they receive in school; and (2) to develop procedures for training…

Four combinations of teacher verbal and nonverbal evaluative behavior were studied within a controlled microlesson. Two male and two female teachers presented each of the four combinations--(a) verbally and nonverbally positive; (b) verbally positive and nonverbally negative; (c) verbally negative and nonverbally positive; or (d) verbally and…

Presents practical techniques teachers can use for classroom management: (1) teach specific directions, (2) look for good behavior, (3) praise effectively, (4) model good behavior, (5) use nonverbal reinforcement, (6) establish token economies, (7) "premack" (students determine reinforcers for appropriate behavior), (8) teach kids to…

Collected data from parents and school counselors of 22 sexually molested children involved in either psychodynamic or reinforcement theory treatment groups. Psychodynamic group reported slow, steady improvement in child behavior. Reinforcement theory results were more positive in terms of immediate behavior change and maintenance of change.…

The Trust-Conflict Cycle conceptually organizes the tools and skills available to foster positive relationships between teachers and emotionally disturbed students. A menu of intervention tools to help teachers stay within the Trust Cycle and out of the Conflict Cycle includes appropriate responses, stress reduction, self-esteem/worldview,…