Self-regulated learning is defined as the ability of a child to learn independently of a teacher or parent. Self-regulated learners require knowledge of a topic, basic skills for learning, and motivation. Self-regulated learners distinguish themselves from other learners in that they are aware of themselves as learners and have an awareness of the…

Deci and Ryan's (1975, 1980) cognitive evaluation theory viewed intrinsic motivation as a function of perceived competence and personal causation. Deci and Ryan also proposed that people tend to perceive competitive situations as controlling. Gender differences were used by Deci and Olson (1989) to explain the findings by Ryan and Deci (1986) that…

Intrinsic motivation is usually regarded as a significant determinant of the use of elaborative and metacognitive learning strategies that, in turn, foster the acquisition of well-structured and transferable knowledge. In studies testing this assumption the following pattern of results is usually obtained: Intrinsic motivation is significantly…

This article reviews the literature and provides examples of extrinsic motivators and incentives being used in public schools to decrease dropout rates, increase attendance, and increase academic achievement. The use of incentives has grown in favor as a way to increase student achievement, intrinsic motivation, self-worth, and retention. Certain…

Discusses a two-year action research study conducted at a high school that transformed reluctant students into lifelong readers by emphasizing intrinsic motivation as opposed to programs that use rewards to motivate students to read. Explains how to design an action research question. (LRW)

Studies the interaction between performance strategies and imagery conditions. Defensive pessimists (who set low expectations, feel anxious, and rehearse possible outcomes) and strategic optimists (who set high expectations, feel calm, and avoid reflecting) were randomly assigned to three conditions: a coping imagery condition, a mastery imagery…

Describes potential role of flow experiences in motivating students to learn. Discusses the characteristics of flow: goals are clear, feedback is immediate, skills match challenges, concentration is deep, problems are forgotten, control is possible, self-consciousness disappears, sense of time is altered, and experience becomes autotelic. Then…

Examines the principles and practices of cognitive coaching as a viable mentoring tool. Provides mentor/coaches with practical suggestions for utilizing reflective questioning strategies, clarifying and probing responses, and taking a nonjudgmental stance. Overviews a mentor-preparation training model aimed at helping proteges become…

Hope is defined as the process of thinking about one's goals, along with the motivation to move toward those goals and the ways to achieve them. After discussing other related concepts, the scale for measuring hope is introduced, and the role of hope in the counseling process is described. (Author/JPS)

Focus groups (n=23) and survey responses (n=492) of Hong Kong business graduates reveal a belief that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are important, but they tend to make job rather than career decisions, seek extrinsic rewards in initial jobs, lack commitment to organizations, have a short-term perspective, and focus on gaining exposure and…

Strategies to promote student empowerment in the nursing practicum at Clarkson college include having students (1) select practicum sites; (2) write learning contracts; (3) choose clients to care for; (4) evaluate themselves with weekly logs; (5) read nursing literature; and (6) present a one-hour seminar. (SK)

Although intrinsic rewards are important, they (along with punishment and encouragement) are insufficient for efficient learning. Teachers must supplement intrinsic rewards with extrinsic rewards, such as praising, complimenting, applauding, and providing other forms of recognition for good work. Teachers should use the weakest reward required to…

Study examined factors that influenced intrinsic motivation toward physical activity in 60 adult males who completed questionnaires and physical fitness tests. Results showed that performance information given immediately after task performance increased perceived competence and intrinsic motivation levels toward exercise of individuals with…

This study combined the concept of self-control with Keller's ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) model of motivational design to determine whether students could be trained to make instruction relevant to themselves by using metalearning strategies. Results suggest students can be trained to do this and that this training can…

Considered is the role of psychology in helping to change those human behaviors which have deleterious environmental effects. The foremost conclusion is that behavioral psychology can offer practical techniques for such change, yet there are indications that enduring behaviors may be better realized through the intrinsic motivation maintained by…