Concerns about the equitable treatment and payment of substitute teachers are expressed based on the author's experiences as a substitute teacher. (JL)

A substitute teacher describes some of the impromptu lessons and activities that she has successfully used in secondary social studies classes, e.g., analyzing political cartoons; reading charts; defining, spelling, and using terms correctly in writing. Some of these activities are intended to close gaps detected in student knowledge. (RM)

This booklet discusses how to develop successful substitute teachers, explaining that most substitutes do not receive the respect necessary to be effective. School districts must take such steps as adopting fair substitute hiring practices, allowing for the regular placement of substitutes in the same school over the year, and including…

Cautions administrators to improve their substitute teacher programs, because more substitutes are going to be needed as teachers receive more time off from school for participation in professional meetings and other activities. (Author)

A wall transmitter in each classroom makes attendance accounting easy at Sacramento's John F. Kennedy High. Transmitter is part of a computer system designed by NASA. (Author/JN)

The description and analysis of a program designed to upgrade the professional preparation of degree-holding people of a community who serve as substitute teachers. (Editor)

The experiences of substitute teachers are affected by relations between students and their regular teachers. Students often feel disloyal to their teachers or threatened by the possibility that the substitute will become permanent. Suggests ways in which teachers can help the substitute to make the "guest" experience fruitful. (CS)

Describes two related programs, one in energy conservation and one for substitute teachers, that have created building-level incentives that have saved the district money and given 80 percent of the savings to the individual schools that made the saving. (Author/IRT)

Notes and observations on how you can prepare a substitute with a survival kit, constructive plans and other aids. (Editor)

Suggests ways classroom teachers can prepare for absences and help make substitute teaching productive. Recommends forming a list of preferred substitutes at the beginning of the school year; clarifying with students expected behavior; and preparing a permanent substitute packet. (LS)

Reports on a recent study of substitute teachers' apprehensions with regard to their role as substitutes. Finds that although the level of anxiety for substitute teachers as a whole did not seem to be high, many teachers were anxious about a variety of factors related to their role. (MS)

Given the difficulty of substitute teaching, it is surprising that few districts require professional training or previous teaching experience. According to one survey, substitutes should be flexible, have teaching experience and subject area knowledge, and be able to manage classroom adversity. Substitutes' role needs more appreciation. Includes…

Experienced elementary classroom teachers and substitutes discuss planning ahead for a substitute teacher, suggesting a substitute folder which includes any information to be relayed and a substitute activity bag containing lessons and activities. Games and activities that can be adapted for any grade level are described. (SM)

Discusses the need for a comprehensive substitute teacher program in schools along with the important components of such a program. Identifies the roles of the principal, regular teacher, substitute teacher, and the superintendent in an effective substitute teacher program. (HB)