Evaluates reliability and validity of curriculum-based measurements for 15 Braille readers in grades three through seven. Overall teacher rating of students' Braille reading performance correlated significantly with curriculum-based measurement (CBM) results ranging from .80 to .85. Findings are very similar to data on technical adequacy for CBM…

This study of 12 individuals with blindness or low vision extended earlier studies by Morton Heller concerning speed and accuracy of reading noncanonical (tilted) braille text. Results were similar for Heller's original character set (B-J), but the effect of orientation was reduced with other letters and whole words, especially for experienced…

Discusses various methods used to teach Braille, beginning with pre-Braille skills that must be developed before children reach school age. Also discusses various techniques used to teach Braille skills to students who have a severe vision loss or low vision and reviews different commercial programs designed to teach Braille reading to various…

This study addressed the effect of casual exposure to braille on the attitudes toward blindness and the use of braille of three groups of sighted university students: students in two sections of a general linguistics course for language arts teachers, one taught by a blind instructor (Group 1) and the other taught by a sighted instructor (Group…

An account is given of a new research project that is concerned with examining the problems encountered by some young blind children as they learn to read braille. The research to be conducted will look at various developmental and learning theories that are used to explain the reading difficulties of sighted readers, with a view to ascertaining…

This is the fourth edition of the Directory of Services for Blind and Visually Handicapped Children in New York State. The directory is a compilation of schools, organizations, agencies, and programs that provide services and information to children who are legally blind and their families in New York State. It is divided into 12 sections: (1)…

This is the first of a two-part report of a study on the instruction of children who were learning or using braille and print simultaneously (dual media). It explores the demographic characteristics of teachers and students, aspects of the decision-making process for providing instruction in dual media, and attitudes of students and parents toward…

This document lists the sacred texts of many world religions, in a variety of languages, translations, and versions, that are available in special media. The information provided for the materials includes source, medium, availability, and title. Priority was given to citing complete works; portions are listed only if they are unique in…

Argues that the Learning Experience Approach (LEA) is superior to other methods of teaching reading when used with blind children. (RB)

Braille should be considered as an alternative language for the severely learning disabled student as it is a ready-made language which uses a completely different pathway than that of auditory/visual input. (Author/DB)

The bibliography lists books, articles, reports, and other materials on devices that convert print to speech, braille or other tactile output for use by blind persons. The material has been published since 1975. The bibliography is divided into three sections: (1) general works, including background information, history, works treating several…

A project summary and 20 related papers are presented on the Argonne Braille Machine, a device which produces braille-equivalent information on magnetic tape rather than embossing dots on paper. The summary traces the machine's development while 10 papers cover such issues as user reactions, evaluation proposals, use and care of the machine, the…

The use of braille as the primary means of achieving literacy among the blind and severely visually impaired has lessened in recent years. Synthetic speech and talking books have taken the place of braille as the primary sources of information. Some reasons for the lack of growth in readership are failure to produce those materials most wanted by…

This dictionary gathers into a single resource definitions of braille music signs used since 1888 and provides explanations of the wide variety of formats in which these signs have been used at different times by publishers around the world. More than 400 music signs and approximately 100 literary abbreviations are included, but musical terms are…

Despite expanded services, less than one tenth of one per cent of today's total production of reading material is available to the blind or visually handicapped in a form (large print, recorded or tactile) that they can use. As more and more blind people take their place in the trades and professions, the production of quality materials must keep…