Parks and recreation departments (PARDs) can help alleviate societal problems associated with at-risk youths. To better position PARD programs for reducing risky behavior, there must be scientific evidence showing their impact on youths' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. The paper examines existing evaluation studies highlighting the positive…

This article examines the environmental impact on the programmatic implementation of community-oriented policing (COP) in large municipal police agencies during the 1990s. Three waves of nationwide surveys (1993, 1996, and 2000) based on a random sample of 281 municipalities and the corresponding police agencies were used for our analysis. Based…

In November 1991, teams of elementary school and community members from 11 communities in Massachusetts met to discuss the formation of compacts, or informal agreements describing educational goals and outlining responsibilities, to strengthen the role of families in education: this paper provides a summary of that conference. The first of five…

The discipline policy of the Folsom-Cordova Unified School District (California) is delineated in this pamphlet. The policy begins with a seven-point belief statement from the Board of Education which defines discipline and outlines the Board's expectations regarding the carrying out of this policy. Responsibilities are then listed for students,…

This paper reviews current demographic and programmatic trends with respect to the frail elderly. These trends include the projected growth in population of those 65 and older between now and 2030; the rapidly improving economic status of the older adult population and its effect on views of what the elderly's share of public money should be; the…

Based on research conducted by the G. Allan Roeher Institute, Canada's national institute for the study of public policy affecting persons with an intellectual impairment, the book provides a comprehensive treatment of child sexual abuse in individuals with an intellectual handicap, including prevalence, developmental disabilities as a risk…

Analysis of racism has shifted in focus over the years from concentration on individual/interpersonal processes to considerations of organizational variables that maintain racist outcomes. The concept of organizational or institutional racism refers to processes, behaviors, policies, or procedures that covertly sanction unequal access to goods and…

This paper proposes that local public schools assume the locus of responsibility for providing comprehensive health and mental health services for children and their families. Among the advantages of school based delivery systems are the universality of public education, the availability of physical and human resources, established funding…

Data analyses from 14 case studies of American rural communities reveal specific diversities and differences from typical urban areas, and suggest that rural schools and rural areas are one integrated social structure, which implies that one cannot intervene in one without impacting on the other. Implications from this hypothesis indicate that…

The author purports the need to control technology for the well-being of mankind by understanding and cultivating its beneficial features and countering its harmful effects and misuse. The intent of the paper is to alert social studies teachers to the responsibility of bridging the gap between scientific and technological knowledge and civic and…

In this paper, the authors attempt to provide a basic outline of what is known about the determinants of success or failure in school financial elections. The research, conducted since 1960, comes from several academic disciplines, employs a wide variety of techniques and methods, and is geographically representative of the United States.…

This document is designed to assist schools and communities in: (1) exploring the subject of sex education; (2) developing an awareness of the student as a frame of reference for analyzing sex education and constructing appropriate educational programs; (3) developing an awareness of behavior and educational principles as a logical basis for…

Using camera and tape recorder, a photographer and an early childhood specialist explored as a team the universe of children's outdoor play, seeking worthy and innovative ideas and stressing urban playground problems and solutions. The resulting photographs and text focus on (1) the characteristics of play, (2) the nature of playgrounds, and (3)…

This is a comprehensive guide for a bilingual community liaison with educational institutions. Questions discussed include the reasons for, the role of, and recommended steps for, a community liaison. A calendar of events is provided by the Bay Area Bilingual Education League and the Bilingual Alternatives for Secondary Teachers and Aides, two…

Reviews an action research project undertaken by an EFL teacher with her Japanese students in a residential course in England. The study consisted of teacher-student interviews on differences between the British and Japanese ways of life. The article discusses the Japanese notion of "amae" and presents pedagogical implications for…