Traces the historical development of state and federal law, policy, and practice concerning language. Suggests that, in the future, languages other than English may play prominent roles in American culture and government. (MJL)

Reports on the results of a research project that sought to determine the effect of various bilingual education models on general academic achievement and language learning in the primary grades. (AM)

Focuses on the conflicts among written languages in the countries of West Africa, especially in the areas of education, mass communication, and creative writing. Points out that writing is done mostly in the language of the former colonizing country, which makes literature accessible only to the elite. Advocates translation and native languages…

The variations in government language policies in Latin America are primarily a function of economic and social struggles among contending national elites, all seeking to compel adaptation by subordinate groups. Not until the nineteenth century did the schools become a major vehicle for government policy implementation. (Author/SJL)

Examines current language policy in Canada, particularly regarding Quebec, and discusses possible future developments. (AM)

Examines language policy in the Baltic states since they regained their independence from the Soviet Union. The article argues that each Baltic state has substantially realized its language policy aims and that the favorable response to language requirements at the group and individual level signals the extraordinary reversal of a colonial…

Discusses the problems arising from the use and role of English on the Indian sub-continent. Notes the inferior position of Hindi there and argues that English's dominant role is a hangover from colonialism and a means of suppressing Indian thought and preserving an alien culture. (three references) (Author/CK)

Analyzes through Indian eyes the current role and status of English in India and examines what can be done to turn the use of this language to Indian advantage. Notes the author is largely in agreement with Mark Tully's article in this issue regarding the colonial legacy of English in India. Explains how he differs with Tully's answers to the…

Outlines a historical context for the nativist ideology of the English-only movement in the United States, and the movement's effect on language teaching. A survey of journal contents of TESOL Quarterly, Modern Language Journal, and Foreign Language Annals from 1974-1987 identifying eight categories of articles checked particularly for…

A discussion of language policy formation and planning in Australia covers the following: the development of the national policy on languages, and the Australian Language and Literacy Policy and its four goals related to English language and literacy, languages other than English, aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, and…

A discussion of language policy formation and planning in New Zealand focuses on the need for a national languages policy and governmental human resource development planning. It includes "unplanned" language planning; the multilingual/multicultural situation, including Maori, Pacific Islands, other, international, and English languages;…

A discussion of language policy formation and planning in Hong Kong covers the following: language use, change, and shift (including Chinese dialects, written Chinese, Mandarin, and English); the legal system; educational developments. Reasons for the lack of language planning are noted. (Contains 111 references.) (LB)

Guosa, a language constructed by Alex Igbineweka from words and word forms in major and minor Nigerian languages, has been proposed as a national language for Nigeria. This article suggests that Guosa is an unacceptable planned language and has no guiding principles or scientific methods. (eight references) (Author/LB)

A discussion of the language situation in India focuses on the demand for inclusion of the Manipuri language in a list of privileged languages in the Indian constitution. The general language situation in India, linguistic reorganization of its states, population composition, and related linguistic issues are examined. (15 references) (Author/MSE)

Problems facing the literacy movement in the Solomon Islands are related to communication, economic, and linguistic barriers. The island is linguistically diverse. English is the official language, but a national literacy committee found that only 26% of people could speak English. Improving primary education is a government priority. Training of…