Purpose: Clinicians depend on the accuracy of research in the speech, language, and hearing sciences to improve assessment and treatment of patients with communication disorders. Although this work has contributed to great advances in clinical care, common statistical misconceptions remain, which deserve closer inspection in the field. Challenges…

Lord's Paradox occurs when a continuous covariate is statistically controlled for and the relationship between a continuous outcome and group status indicator changes in both magnitude and direction. This phenomenon poses a challenge to the notion of evidence-based policy, where data are supposed to be self-evident. We examined 50 effect size…

In a society where first hand work experience is greatly valued many universities or institutions of higher education have designed their Quality enhancement plan (QEP) to address student applied learning. This paper is the results of a university's QEP plan, called Experiencing Transformative Education Through Applied Learning or ETEAL. This…

Formal empirical assessments of replication have recently become more prominent in several areas of science, including psychology. These assessments have used different statistical approaches to determine if a finding has been replicated. The purpose of this article is to provide several alternative conceptual frameworks that lead to different…

The piecewise latent growth models (PWLGMs) can be used to study changes in the growth trajectory of an outcome due to an event or condition, such as exposure to an intervention. When there are multiple outcomes of interest, a researcher may choose to fit a series of PWLGMs or a single parallel-process PWLGM. A comparison of these models is…

In this article, the degrees of freedom of the sample variance are simulated by using the Visual Basic for Applications of Microsoft Excel 2010. The simulation file dynamically displays why the sample variance should be calculated by dividing the sum of squared deviations by n-1 rather than n, which is helpful for students to grasp the meaning of…

Latent curve models have become a popular approach to the analysis of longitudinal data. At the individual level, the model expresses an individual's response as a linear combination of what are called "basis functions" that are common to all members of a population and weights that may vary among individuals. This article uses…

Comparative interrupted time series (CITS) designs evaluate impact by modeling the relative deviation from trends among a treatment and comparison group after an intervention. The broad applicability of the design means it is widely used in education research. Like all non-experimental evaluation methods however, the internal validity of a given…

Both school and district administrators use the results of standardized, large-scale tests to inform decisions about the need for, or success of, educational programs and interventions. However, test results at the school level are subject to random fluctuations due to changes in cohort, test items, and other factors outside of the school's…

The purpose of this article is to provide a resource for school counselors to recognize key indicators of quality quantitative research and make informed decisions about incorporating scholarly works into school counseling practice and comprehensive program development. We describe quality indicators of quantitative research by walking readers…

BASIE is a framework for interpreting impact estimates from evaluations. It is an alternative to null hypothesis significance testing. This guide walks researchers through the key steps of applying BASIE, including selecting prior evidence, reporting impact estimates, interpreting impact estimates, and conducting sensitivity analyses. The guide…

This paper provides practical guidance for scholars and practitioners looking to develop more rigorous, comprehensive, and inclusive research that could guide proactive efforts to improve access, experiences, and outcomes for college students with disabilities. To do so, we (a) identify critical challenges affecting research and assessment related…

The characteristic curve methods have been applied to estimate the equating coefficients in test equating under the graded response model (GRM). However, the approaches for obtaining the standard errors for the estimates of these coefficients have not been developed and examined. In this study, the delta method was applied to derive the…

This paper examines the process of the making and development of parochial schools in Russia in the pre-revolutionary period. An insight is provided into the scale of work carried out in that area, the evolution of parochial schools in Russia, and the regulatory framework for them. The main sources for this paper are reports from the Chief…

The current COVID-19 situation has seen a plethora of data, statistics and predictions presented to society--some making incredible claims. The authors are concerned that statistics and probability still receive inadequate attention in the classroom, leaving students without the statistical literacy needed to make sense of the claims being made.…