Students completed three sex-role instruments and two measures of self-esteem. In every case masculinity showed significant positive correlations with self-esteem in both sexes, whereas the correlations with femininity were generally nil or slightly negative. (Author)

Occupations (N=60) were rated for degree of masculinity and femininity on rating scales: bipolar, unipolar and percent of each sex in an occupation scale. Concluded that, since personality inventory measures of masculinity and femininity are not unidimensional, rating scale approaches to measuring masculinity and femininity may give misleading…

Sex role identity and self-esteem were examined in a cross sectional sample. Both men and women displayed peak masculinity scores in the middle years of adulthood. Psychologically "androgynous" individuals displayed the highest levels of self-esteem. Masculinity was a better predictor of self-esteem than was femininity. (Author)

Examines actual and expected male roles in the household and the consequences of household involvement after retirement. As androgynous behavior increases and facilitates adjustment, household involvement by males may assist in their adaptation. Spouses may experience role strain if the division of labor is not negotiated in retirement.…

Factors for fathers in value development are discussed: the model of masculine behavior; the communicator (listening and problem solving); the moral model (striving to live between the absolutist and the complete relativist); and the fallible reinforcing agent. (Author)

Fifty men classed as career-traditional tended to endorse antifemininity, toughness, homophobic attitudes, and restrictive emotionality compared to 50 career-nontraditionals. The groups did not differ in status norms, attitudes about work-family conflicts, or difficulties with success, power, and competition. (SK)

Explored ways in which gender influenced students' choices in classroom writing, using data from students' writing, small group conversations, classroom observations, and teacher interviews. Generally, students attempted to maintain a widely recognized gender order in their talk about girls' and boys' writing. Students' writing choices were…

Identifies several theoretical and methodological obstacles that limit understanding of the variable ways that men do or do not seek help from mental and physical health care professionals, noting sex differences in help-seeking behavior. Develops a contextual framework by exploring how the socialization and social construction of masculinities…

Examines how masculinities were constructed in a Brazilian mother tongue fifth grade classroom, highlighting stories students told one another in this context. An ethnographic approach allowed naturally occurring stories to be audiotaped. Stories told in schools helped construct hegemonic masculinity by drawing on coherent systems available in…

This review of research investigates ways in which the resurgence of the political right and the feminist backlash have attempted to impose a "common-sense" concept of masculinity on the education of boys. Explores the effect of masculinity on boys' literacy practices and argues for teaching practices grounded in social construction of gender.…

An ethnographic study of 10-11 year-old boys' construction of gender and sexual identities illustrates the complex and contradictory aspects of heterosexuality. The study suggests how boys define their heterosexualities through projections of fantasies, imagined futures, misogynistic objectification of females, and homophobic performances.…

Reviews theoretical and empirical literature on androgyny in adolescence. Contrasts the traditional bipolar view of sex roles and more recent models of sex role development. Reviews the research literature on the relation between sex role orientation and psychosocial well-being in adolescence. (Author/JS)

Examined therapists' (N=47) verbal responses to one of two videotaped simulations of depressed White male client. Tapes differed in client's occupational and family roles shown as gender-traditional or nontraditional. Counselors evaluated client, assigned diagnosis, and proposed treatment plan. Results suggest that client's gender role affected…

Schoolwork has been gender-differentiated and stratified since the early 1800s. Just as teaching has been feminized, the administrative realm became masculinized. Male educators moving into administration found other males by rising above women's sphere (teaching) and associating laterally with men in business, government, and other organizations.…

Describes a feminist project on masculinities involving boys in a special education school. These labeled, segregated boys were invested in achieving successful positioning within a culture of hegemonic masculinity. Institutional and media preoccupations with quantifiable academic attainments had reinscribed them within a world of hetero/sexist…