Studied pairs of preadolescents who were close friends and pairs who were acquaintances. Coherence in friends' behavior states and in acquaintances' vocal activity suggested that friends more often shared the same behavior state and acquaintances more often paid attention to turn-taking signals. (GLR)

The physical and social characteristics of 60 American Indian children referred for psychological services were compared to those of 60 matched, non-Indian controls. Indian children were more likely to suffer from a variety of physical and social handicaps that in all likelihood could affect their intellectual, emotional, behavioral, and learning…

Examined gender stereotypes among sixth-grade students whose teachers had or had not participated in intervention to decrease gender stereotypes. Findings supported hypothesis that students in experimental group would show greater preference for more prestigious professions than would students from control group. Hypothesis that experimental group…

A study of sixth grade boys and their families hypothesized that boys who were prone to high levels of distress but low or moderate levels of self-restraint would be particularly unlikely to agree to make considerable efforts to complete tasks that were not especially enjoyable. Results supported the hypothesis. (RH)

Describes a study of student visual metacognitive ability in spelling in conditions in which the student reads a word silently, the student reads the word aloud, or the teacher pronounced the word. Student predictions and confidence judgments about spellings were related to spelling accuracy. Ratings evidenced metacognitive spelling knowledge. (GH)

Studied structure of Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition for normal children who were not part of standardization sample. Found that, for children aged 2-6 years, either 2- or 3-factor model could be supported. For students aged 7-11, neither of 2 models studied was supported. Alternative model with verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning,…

Examined efficacy of group-evaluation system, with reversal design, in two classes of students with disabilities. Results suggest that group-evaluation system was effective in decreasing inappropriate verbalizations of both groups. Student satisfaction data revealed that students in both groups had positive reactions to the system. Discusses…

American Indian teenagers and preteens were tutored by 24 home economics student teachers. Compared with a control group of 24, student teachers' attitudes were significantly more positive toward the youths' abilities, appearance, conduct and knowledge after the tutoring program. (SK)

Examined the effects of instruction in bridging and problem-solving strategy, 2 specific components of mediational instruction, on behaviors of 10- and 11-year-old children during LOGO programing tasks. Describes two case studies demonstrating typical differences between children's performances under the different learning conditions. Supports the…

Discusses a model that suggests that popularity and friendship are linked to different forms of adjustment and emotional well-being and emphasizes that friendship is an important mediator between popularity and loneliness. Results of a study that involved 169 early adolescents in fifth and sixth grades supported the model. (BB)

Examined links between parents' depression, marital quality, and parenting style, and their preschool and early adolescent children's angry, defiant, and acting-out behaviors. Parents' depression was related to the quality of their marital relationship and their parenting style, but not their children's behavior. (BC)

Girls in mixed-sex schools who experienced early menarche were at greater risk for delinquency than those who experienced late menarche. Individual differences in delinquency were more stable across time among girls in mixed-sex schools than among those in all-girl schools. (BC)

Examined age differences in 9- to 15-year-olds' experiences with families and friends, and by themselves. Amount of time spent with family decreased with age. Affect with family became less positive through seventh grade; affect with friends became more favorable with age; affect when alone did not vary. (BC)

Discusses need for precollegiate intervention programs to attract minority female students to fields of science and mathematics. Considers benefits for colleges that sponsor such programs. Describes types and components of intervention programs for minority females at middle school level. (NB)

Assessed substance use by 2,125 students in grades 4 through 12 and explored differences between students' reported substance use and parents' perceptions of student use. While all parents believed that some students were using cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana, they underestimated percentage of students in their child's grade who reported use of…