Malnutrition is a global concern and it impacts negatively on mortality, morbidity, educability and productivity. Millions of children in South Africa are affected. This study examines the key factors associated with malnutrition among children aged six months to five years in a semi-rural area of the Western Cape, South Africa. A quantitative…

Family and educational institutions play a decisive role in learning and strengthening habits related to physical activity and health. School has a specific mission in this scope, especially at the first stage of education. Attempting to answer the question of how schools in practice realise these tasks, a study was conducted on the level of…

Background: Unhealthy lifestyle habits developed during university years could continue into adulthood. Purpose: To analyze and map worldwide publications on physical activity among university students. Method: A pre-validated search strategy was used to find relevant articles in the Scopus database. The study period represented three decades…

Children's ideas, which differ from a scientific view, are termed as alternative conceptions (AC). AC are extremely resistant to change and arise from everyday experience. Investigation of children's AC about weight gain and their ability to discriminate between healthy and unhealthy foods is important, because it can help teachers reduce obesity…

Introduction: The likelihood of a child participating in a clinical trial is mostly independent of the child's willingness to participate; children's lack of autonomy obliges parental involvement, which is concurrently conditional to parental understanding, trust and endorsement of the research study. Objectives: To identify potential predictors…

Purpose: To determine whether improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), blood pressure (BP) and body composition previously seen after a 16-week exercise intervention (POST) with hypocaloric diet are maintained following six months (6M) of unsupervised exercise time. Methods: Overweight/obese, physically inactive participants with primary…

Several schoolwide initiatives have been created to combat the rate of obesity in adolescents. However, despite programs showing an ability to advance health-related fitness during the academic year, the summer months contribute to the most accelerated weight gain and health-related fitness (HRF) losses in school aged youth. The purpose of this…

Background: Increased levels of obesity have been reported for people with intellectual disability based on data mostly gathered in high income countries. Likewise few studies internationally have focussed on underweight in this population. Method: Data on obesity and underweight were analysed from nearly 86,500 youth and adults with intellectual…

Purpose: This study examines the expressive language and speech of twins, relative to singletons, at 3 and 5 years, with the aim of determining if a twinning effect occurs during this developmental period. The possibility of twins outgrowing a twinning effect was investigated. Method: A weighted population-based sample of 185 twins and 1,309…

In this study, it was aimed to determine the negative effect of different types of exercise on ovarian reserve of sedentary women. A total of 40 sedentary women who met the criteria for admission to work were categorized as aerobic exercise (AE; n:20; age: 33.0±2.0 years old) and strength exercise (SE; n:20; age: 32.7±2.1 years old) groups.…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine magnitudes of differences for anthropometric and athletic performance scores between high school and elite college-level American football players. Method: Participants included high school-age (n = 3,666) athletes who participated in American football combines, as well as elite college-level (n…

Binge eating disorder is defined as eating an objectively large amount of food in a discrete time period while experiencing a loss of control over one's eating behavior. Research and theory on eating disorders frequently identifies sociocultural factors such as body image as a main factor in the development and maintenance of eating disorders.…

Background: Irish school children have demonstrated poor proficiency in fundamental movement skills (FMS) and consistent with international literature, females and overweight children tend to be less skilled than males and non-overweight children. Interventions that are suitable for children of all abilities and which provide long-term…

Background: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) declines during adolescence, particularly among girls. In this randomized control trial, we examined MVPA in a physical activity intervention compared to physical education (PE) class as usual (TAU), stratified by sex and weight classification. Standardized BMI (zBMI) overtime was also…

Objective: "Drunkorexia" or compensatory eating behaviors in response to alcohol consumption, resembles a subclinical eating disorder, and is a current public health concern. Eating disorders and alcohol abuse are associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). One index of HPA function is cortisol. As…