Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between questions asked by teachers and corresponding levels of student achievement. The present study was designed to measure the effect of a unit in which fifth-grade students were taught a system of question classification. The results as measured by the criterion instrument Question…

According to conventional wisdom, a test taker should not change his/her first response to a multiple-choice, although empirical evidence has consistently supported such changes. Quizzes for masters level students in educational measurement and evaluation showed increments due to answer changing. Low anxious students tended to make more changes…

Adolescents were administered classical and practical moral dilemmas. They were asked to judge the actions of others (judgments), and to reach a personal decision and justify what they would do (deliberation). Stage of moral reasoning for deliberation on practical dilemmas was lower than moral judgment on classical dilemmas. (Author/RD)

Past practice of operationalizing the concept of fakeability of psychological tests is reviewed. The strengths and weaknesses of these indices are discussed in the light of a proposed new definition of fakeability based upon Naylor's model of measurement accuracy. (Author/JKS)

Sixty children were individually administered the Matching Familiar Figures Test and the Bender Gestalt Test. A significant relationship was found between errors on the Bender Gestalt Test and impulsivity. Specifically, increased or decreased loops, change in angulation, loops for circles, and circles for dots or dots for circles were all…

This research was designed to clarify the role of autonomic response and evaluative self-awareness in test anxiety. Autonomic, self-report, and performance measures of anxiety were collected from both test-anxious and non-test-anxious individuals in an analogue testing situation under three experimental conditions. Results support cognitive…

The design of this experiment was based on the assumption that a stressful atmosphere, on the one hand, and failure at a preliminary task, on the other, would each make an independent, additive contribution to an examinee's state of internal arousal. Because of a supposed curvilinear relationship between arousal and task performance, it was…

Some encoders showed variations in feelings principally through visually mediated stimuli, others through the tone of the voice. These results are discussed in the context of quantitative versus qualitative differences among the communication channels. (Author/DEP)

Investigates the circumstances under which answer changing is beneficial or detrimental to test performance. Analyzes the success of answer changing in relation to the reasons offered for changing. Concludes that students who reported guessing as their reason for changing answers were not nearly as likely to benefit from changing as were students…

Undergraduates (N=141) completed different versions of Palmore's Facts on Aging (FAQ) quizzes to test effects of "don't know" (DK) answers. Findings suggest the DK option yields more accurate knowledge scores, eliminates guessing, enhances the use of FAQ as a research instrument and for pre/post evaluation of training in aging.…

Compared self-reports from 215 adults to the external criterion of spouse ratings of personality traits to separate substance from style in social desirability (SD) scales. Results showed that correcting self-reports for SD failed to improve correspondence with an external, objective criterion and in several cases lowered agreement. (LLL)

The hypothesis was advanced that questionnaire measures of Psychoticism (P) may represent an estimate of randomness in responding, rather than reflecting reactions to item contents. Results showed P did not correlate with measures of random. (Author)

Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT) responses of 36 same sex and 29 opposite sex college student twin pairs are analyzed. The results are discussed in terms of comparable genetic determination studies with Rorschach responses and the necessity for separate male and female norms on several HIT score response scales. (Author/DEP)

Incoming freshmen experienced a summer planning conference designed to alter attitudes. Two semantic differential instruments were developed to measure change along twenty attitudinal scales. Results indicate attitudinal changes can be measured by the flexible and sensitive semantic differential type of instrument and a short program of…

Primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various scoring methods on the reliability and validity of the Primary Test of Economic Understanding (PTEU). the PTEU was designed to be scored using the matched pair procedure. (Authors)