The effects of politicization (government intervention) of universities on scientific achievement and technological development in Latin America are discussed. Imposition of political loyalty tests, dismissal of teachers and research investigators, and supervision of normal student life have deprived teaching and research institutions of academic…

Scientists may be fairly accused of lack of awareness of the needs of society, and they may therefore be unresponsive to these needs. Scientists must involve the public in issues underlying scientific controversy. Scientists must recognize the role of their own values in their pursuit of science. (RE)

The American Association of University Professors faces tests of policies on protection of academic freedom in three areas: government and academic treatment of fraud and misconduct in academic science; speech that wounds or offends on the basis of racial, gender, or ethnic status; and the status of the creative arts. (MSE)

Describes a laboratory experiment using AMPAC (a computer program) in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy. The experimental procedure and a list of questions for discussion are provided. Typical data are presented. (YP)

Discusses the global change of climate. Presents the trend of climate change with graphs. Describes mathematical climate models including expressions for the interacting components of the ocean-atmosphere system and equations representing the basic physical laws governing their behavior. Provides three possible responses on the change. (YP)

Proposes that higher education insist more on the education of its chemists and less on strictly instrument training. Lists several instances where education may have been more useful than the strict training military officers received. Discusses the role of chemists in society. (MVL)

Gives an overview of the intellectual and social structure of science in the United States since the mid-1960s. Discusses some factors responsible for establishing new research directions. Describes the change of the meaning of "inquiry," circumstances, and research style. (Author/YP)

Traces the history and function of State, Operator, And Result (SOAR), a general-purpose artificial intelligence program for solving problems. The SOAR can "chunk" the result of a subgoal and learn from previous experiences. The SOAR could be applied to various expert systems. (YP)

Discusses the 1993 British government White Paper "Realising Our Potential," which advocated closer cooperation by government, higher education, and the private sector in science and technology. It supports the White Paper's emphasis on increased funding for research and development (R&D) but criticizes its inattention to the low…

Description of scientific research and scientific and technical information in Ghana highlights the role of the Ghana National Scientific and Technical Information Network (GHASTINET). Obstacles to the provision of adequate resources are discussed, including lack of funding and lack of trained library staff; and recommendations for improvements…

Discussion of scientific information and communication focuses on a study that considers the extent to which research orientation, interdisciplinary work, and disciplinary differences are associated with the use of information sources, with the extent of computer-mediated communication, and with experiencing scientific information overload.…

Addresses prospect of approaching clinical inquiry as a scientific activity and considering counseling practice as a context for scientific training of counseling psychologists. Discusses problems in attempting to find common ground between clinical teaching and research training. Proposes that scientific training needs to include development of…

A national survey of assistant and associate pharmacy professors (n=491) found differences between disciplines in time allocation, number of publications, and research funding. Time, lack of funding, and need for research assistants were commonly identified as impediments to research productivity. A quantitative method for evaluating productivity…

This commentary discusses issues from EC 231 901 on services for mentally retarded individuals: emphasis on structural features of the environment rather than its functional dynamics; developmental progress and personal well-being of the individual superseding ideological and civil liberties missions; and the multifaceted role of scientists as…

Clarifies the issues of animal rights as they effect animal use in research and education through an examination of the current use of animals, a historical look at animal use, and a consideration of the philosophical underpinnings of the animal rights and pro-use viewpoints. (PR)