Responds to article (Motta, Little, and Tobin, this issue) which reviewed data-based studies on figure drawings and found little support for their validity or use in assessing personality, behavior, emotion, or intellectual functioning. Agrees with original article, suggesting that arguments be couched in terms of three basic concepts: illusory…

Responds positively to previous article (Motta, Little, and Tobin, this issue) which reviewed data-based studies on figure drawings and found little support for their validity or use. Focuses on human figure drawing as personality assessment tool, reviewing its empirical research, identifying only ways that it can be used, and suggesting most…

Responds to reviewers of authors' previous article (Motta, Little, and Tobin, this issue) which reviewed data-based studies on figure drawings and found little support for their validity or use in assessing personality, behavior, emotion, or intellectual functioning. Defends position of original article and addresses issues raised by reviewers.…

Studied gender differences in drawings by 261 elementary school children responding to projective drawing task. Findings support assumption that children who respond to projective drawing tasks tend to identify themselves with principal subjects of their drawings. Most subjects drew pictures about subjects same gender as themselves. (Author/NB)

Traces history of protruding tongue from ancient times to present in attempt to explain tongue's appearance in drawings of children who have been sexually abused. Includes informal study of tongue symbol in art expressions of children who have experienced sexual molestation. (Author/NB)

Describes a personal artistic struggle against heroin addiction, advising teachers of the difficulty of working to discover and express one's developing self. Considers the effect of poetry and philosophy on the developing creative process. Provides samples of the author's own poetry to demonstrate creative development, as an example to Montessori…

Explains how pop-up art can be used for research projects by taking newspaper articles and transforming them into visual displays in which the various parts of the articles--pictures, captions, and headlines--are glued onto the display. Suggests that such work is especially useful to students who are not especially strong linguistically. (TB)

Investigated perceptions of poverty among 6- and 7-year-olds in Poland, expressed in drawings and discussion, comparing results to those of a United Nations Development Program study of preschoolers' perceptions. The approach showed that new forms of activity, based mainly on early intervention of psychologists, pedagogues, and physicians, are…

This article examines the process of graphic representational development in paint in the context of the theoretical assumptions of traditional developmental stage theory. Consistent with current theory and research in art education and cognitive psychology, a model of painting development is proposed that is multidimensional rather than unitary,…

"Lwa" is the term given to spirits who are believed to act as intermediaries in the lives of Haitians. Many Haitians call upon the "lwa" daily for their problem-solving abilities. The goal of any artist is to be one with his or her own artwork. When working with young art students, this is the key to keeping them on task. For…

Much of the debate about the desirability or otherwise, of attempting to address the gender imbalance in the early childhood teaching profession has been limited by a reliance on rhetoric rather than empirical evidence. The purpose of this article is to assist in shifting this debate to a more empirical basis by reporting findings from an…

A study was undertaken to determine how children of different ages used drawing to present an atypical situation, to what extent children's responses were governed by their increasing cognitive competence, and to what extent children's responses reflected an increasingly articulate grasp of the medium itself. A total of 137 children in…

Suggests that in contrast to art as "recess" creating a collective mural is a process of self-exposion and conquest. The child's image expands not only to arm's reach size, but to the size of the whole wall. For once the child is acting on his own environment rather than being acted on. (Author/AM)

Presents an interview with Elliot Eisner a scholar and researcher in both the arts and education. His work with the Getty Center for Education in the Arts has influenced a new structure for art curriculums. (Author/MD)

Young Artists is the annual exhibition of student art work from the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, public schools, which is displayed from late May to early September in the museum of the Philadelphia Civic Center. The program is described and some of the winning artwork is reproduced. (RM)