This article explains how education in Scotland is different from that in other parts of the United Kingdom, noting the importance of both traditional values and the current political context. Concerns about standards are discussed in relation to three main issues: the Scottish curriculum; the comprehensive principle; and attempts at structural reform. It is argued that, while the need for cultural change is acknowledged, it has not yet been adequately addressed. Restoring confidence and trust among teachers will require stronger intellectual leadership, a redistribution of power and an invigorated policy community.