This paper describes a three-phase developmental process which often occurs following the termination of an ongoing and intimate relationship. The phases are separation, individuation and reconnection. Each phase has a unique but interrelated matrix of psychosocial reactions, needs and potential for personal and interpersonal development. The…

The multidimensional nature of counseling and psychotherapeutic treatment and the wide choice of intervention strategies underscore the desirability of conducting treatment according to preformulated treatment plans. The extent of correspondence between counselors' pretreatment plans for using each of 14 intervention strategies and their…

This monograph suggests various counseling techniques for enhancing the self-esteem of minorities. A frame of reference is presented for considering minority group self-esteem. Themes related to minority group perspectives and their existence in the writings of psychotherapists are reviewed. A section on cultural diversity discusses the family,…

This paper proposes that the automatic use of therapeutic approaches devised for Americans and Europeans with clients belonging to different cultures may be counter-productive. Cultural differences between Caucasian-Americans and Japanese-Americans are examined and general elements to be considered in counseling Japanese-Americans are explained.…

A new model for psychotherapy, mandated by current evolution to a pluralistic society, is proposed in this paper. After describing the Big Island of Hawaii as a microcosm of pluralistic society, the author discusses her clinical and educational practice and explores the multi-ethnic population. An individual assessment and treatment matrix is…

Self-disclosure (SD) is considered an important part of psychotherapy and an essential ingredient of psychological health. The difference between self-reported SD (how much a patient said he disclosed) and observed SD (how much a therapist said the patient disclosed) was investigated to examine the effects on psychotherapy outcome. Adult…

One of the most promising contemporary approaches to working therapeutically with children and their parents and families is to employ the parents and/or other family members as play-agents, or play therapists. The incorporation of parents and other family or family-surrogate figures into the play therapeutic treatment of children has therapeutic…

Classification of current group therapies by three main criteria provides a useful conceptualization of why therapy is sometimes difficult to distinguish from the NTL-model T-group. The appropriateness of sensitivity training based on the criteria of "client normality" identifies several perspectives, including the futility and inadvisability of…

This paper presents a perspective on advocacy and Advocate Counseling and its relationship to institutional racism. The Advocate Counseling Model is described as a vehicle for teaching citizens to act in an assertive and affirmative manner when confronted with public and private institutional problems, including institutional racism. Legal…

AT THE EAST BAY ACTIVITY CENTER IN BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, TREATMENT INVOLVED THE MIXING OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN WITH LESS SEVERELY DISTURBED CHILDREN. NON-AUTISTIC CHILDREN IN THE GROUP WERE EXPECTED TO ACT AS CATALYSTS BY TRYING TO FORM SOME TYPE OF SOCIALLY MATURE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE AUTISTIC CHILDREN WHILE THE THERAPIST ENCOURAGED INTERACTION.…

Experiences in prenatal life and early childhood that may cause personality disorders or criminal behavior in later life are examined in these proceedings of the Subcommittee on Childhood Experiences as Causes of Criminal Behavior of the Standing Committee on Health, Welfare and Science. This issue, the eighteenth in a series of 19 hearings dating…

Children who have learning disabilities which prevent achievement in skill subjects or behavioral difficulties which interfere with learning can be helped to learn to substitute more adaptive patterns for madadaptive ones. Because learning disabilities are only part of a disordered developmental process in a child, both clinical and competence…

A general textbook on the psychiatric disorders of childhood, the book is intended to be an introductory text for students and practitioners working with children (such as psychiatric and pediatric residents and psychologists, teachers, medical students). The genesis of mental illness is discussed in terms of the contributions of heredity and the…

Parental interaction is a prime determining factor in an individual's growth. Complementary relationships of the mother and father within the family: i.e., the bringing together of both the mothering attitude and the expectation of "growing up", contribute to the individual's maturation. Many analysts, realizing the importance of triadic…

An informal non-credit course in anxiety management offered by the author is described. The primary emphasis of this course is on self-hypnosis. Participating students are encouraged to increase their skills in relaxing and concentrating by three methods: (1) eye fixation; (2) muscular relaxation; and (3) focusing of awareness. Other techniques…