We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis to examine the internal consistency of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1976) scores across 91 published studies with 128 samples and 25,035 participants. The DAS was found to produce total and Dyadic cohesion, Consensus, and Satisfaction scores of acceptable internal consistency,…

Burleson and Goldsmith's (1998) comforting model suggests an appraisal-based mechanism through which comforting messages can bring about a positive change in emotional states. This study is a first empirical test of three causal linkages implied by the appraisal-based comforting model. Participants (N=258) talked about an upsetting event with a…

The current study explored body image self-discrepancy as moderator and social comparison as mediator in the effects on women from thin-ideal images in the media. Female undergraduates (N = 112) with high and low body image self-discrepancy were exposed to advertisements either with thin women (thin ideal) or without thin women…

Right hemispheric dominance in unconscious emotional processing has been suggested, but remains controversial. This issue was investigated using the subliminal affective priming paradigm combined with unilateral visual presentation in 40 normal subjects. In either left or right visual fields, angry facial expressions, happy facial expressions, or…

The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), which is reviewed historically in this essay, represents a unique and significant chapter in the history of personality assessment. During the first 20 years of its existence, the 16PF underwent numerous revisions and restandardizations. During that period, R. B. Cattell, the creator of the 16PF,…

Beck's (1967) hypotheses concerning depression build upon notions that a depressed person's cognitions differ from those of nondepressed persons and that a relationship exists in which depressive cognitions assume primacy over mood. A study was conducted to test Beck's hypotheses and to examine the roles that cognition and mood play in depression.…

Middle and working class sixth grade children were compared on various aspects of emotional development. A relation between social class and knowledge of affect terms previously found in 4-6 year olds did not continue into later childhood, contrary to expectations. Methodological and educational implications are discussed. (Author/EH)

Investigates whether procedural differences or developmental changes account for the ambiguous results obtained in previous research on the affective consequences of mere exposure to visual stimuli with 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children. (Author/ED)

Results of a study to determine emotional responses to a city's environmental display are reported. The sample consisted of 148 residents from various socioeconomic and occupational categories in Muncie, Indiana. Similar to cognitive mapping research, the procedure was to show slides of randomly selected sites in the city for participants to…

Reports on the development and preliminary psychometric assessment of a brief scale designed to tap college students' affective reactions to their academic lives. (Author)

Thirty-two mentally retarded and 23 nonretarded adults viewed slides of four retarded and four nonretarded preschoolers. They were asked to label facial expressions depicting four emotional states: happiness, anger, sadness, neutrality. Among results were that retarded adults used the label "happy" most often, while nonretarded adults used the…

This study examined the impact of school effectiveness on the affective characteristics of students when family background variables were controlled. An analysis of covariance revealed significant achievement differences in all areas which could not be attributed to differences in student ability. Results are discussed. (Author/MT)

Examined the relationship between Kinetic School Drawing responses and academic achievement in 100 normal fifth-grade students. Significant correlations were found for a number of measures, generally supporting the validity of the technique. (JAC)