These hearings before the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs of the United States Senate include testimony on the subject of research into the use of phosphates to prevent dental decay. The purpose of the hearing was to explore certain dental health questions raised during the committee's recent hearings on the Television Advertising of…

This article suggests a method for determining and depicting language dominance through the use of parallel tests of aural ability in two languages. In addition, the use of a two-dimensional graph consisting of the proficiency levels within each language appears fruitful as a means of depicting such dominance scores in the initial placement of…

Prepared in response to growing criticism of South Africa's policies of apartheid, this report was designed to assess the effects of such policies within South Africa. The results of the investigation are carefully laid out under four general areas. The first section deals with education, covering its aims, administration and finance, enrollment,…

Writing, speaking and listening are communication skills that are important in all subject areas in the curriculum. Hence, literacy should have a central position in the curriculum. Even so, differences between students' levels of literacy mean that some students fail to acquire the verbal foundations for learning. For this reason, increasing…

One of the most significant factors, determining effectiveness of any organization is an optimal management of the system, which is perceived as a social organization. Otherwise strategy errors in management potentially undermine the whole system of the organization. Assuming that management based on authoritarian relations may illusionary create…

The need for accurate and current scientific information in the fast paced Internet-aware world has prompted the scientific community to develop tools that reduce the scientist's time and effort to make digital information available to all interested parties. The availability of such tools has made the Internet a vast digital repository of…

This collection of four essays examines the ways in which biology, as a discipline, reflects ongoing scholarship on gender, race, ethnicity, social class, and sexual orientation. In "Natural Sciences: Molecular Biology," Bonnie B. Spanier examines common ideological distortions in biology, including superimposing stereotypical gender attributes…

A connection between science and society can be seen in the human and ecological dimensions of one contemporary problem: acid rain. Introduces a human ecological theme and relationships between acid rain and public policy, considering scientific understanding and public awareness, scientific research and public policy, and national politics and…

Reports on research and development (R&D) spending and manpower, emphasizing R&D in chemistry and chemical engineering. Data are presented in tables and graphs related to the federal government, industry, universities and colleges, and a total look at United States R&D efforts. (SK)

Outlines a framework for analyzing the spread of English in eight areas: the sciences, business and industry, culture and media, daily life, education, language contact phenomena (codeswitching, linguistic borrowing), attitudes toward English, and language policies. Specific focus is on the situation in France, but provides a perspective…

Discusses the need for new technologies and information delivery services in Greece, and describes current activities related to the support of Greek scientists and researchers. Highlights include data networks infrastructure; information centers; the National Documentation Center; library services, including electronic document delivery and…

Summarizes the development of science and technology in Pakistan and the existing library resources in science and technology. The organization of acquisitions work is described, including acquisitions policy, book selection, financial support, procurement of books and periodicals, import restrictions, book order work, and gifts and exchanges.…

Traces the historiography of the scientific revolution through a bibliographic essay. Examines trends in recent scholarly publications in an effort to identify new areas of research. Maintains that the study of the scientific revolution is problematic and cannot be reduced to simple analysis. (RW)

A survey of 549 biomedical trainees (graduate and postdoctoral students, medical students, residents, fellows) investigated training in research ethics, observation of scientific misconduct, and willingness to select, omit, or fabricate data to win a grant or publish a paper. The efficacy of current ethics instruction is questioned. (Author/MSE)

Argues urgently of need for more rigorous type of academic, scientific inquiry that gives intellectual priority to the cooperative tasks of articulating environmental, societal, and global problems, rather than the pursuit of technological progress. Proposes that this new form of inquiry should have as its basic aim to improve not just knowledge…