This report provides a summarized version of a larger study conducted by the Office of Technology Assessment concerning the choices that Congress and the executive branch must make in supporting U.S. science and engineering. The summary first discusses the report's origins; trends in federal research funding; and a look at federally funded…

This report analyzes what the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) identifies as four pressing challenges for the Federal Research System in resource allocation and funding for research in the 1990s: (1) setting priorities in funding; (2) understanding trends in research expenditures; (3) preparing human resources for the future research work…

Education in general and specific educational projects fit into the construct of the allocation of investment resources that is basic to economic theory. Two techniques of computing returns to education and education projects are benefit-cost ratios and rates of return, which both rely on measuring costs and benefits. While measuring costs is…

The study identified possibilities for improving farm incomes on limited-resource farms in eastern Kentucky. Objectives were to describe farm operations of full-time Appalachian farmers who had gross sales of less than $5,000 in 1972, estimate potential increases in net farm incomes from given resources, and identify nonresource constraints on…

The ninth annual report to Congress for the National Advisory Council on Indian Education (NACIE) is a compendium report of activities during the calendar year 1982. Part 1 contains NACIE's recommendations to Congress and the Secretary of Education that documents and data prepared by NACIE be utilized in preparation for reauthorization of Indian…

A systems approach is used to show how changes in the design of English training programs for training international teaching assistants (ITA) have affected curriculum design. The approach is described, and three phases of curriculum development are outlined: initial design, ongoing reform, and radical renewal. The history of ITA program design…

Texts of two documents adopted by the World Conference on Education for All, held in Jomtien, Thailand, are contained in this handbook. The "World Declaration on Education for All" and the "Framework for Action To Meet Basic Learning Needs" represent a worldwide consensus on an expanded vision of basic education and a…

The historical background of and barriers to K-12 school finance reform efforts in Michigan from 1968 to 1989 are reviewed in this report. Factors inhibiting school finance reform are cost of equalization, local control, out-of-formula school districts, and property tax stability. Other factors include de facto unavailability of state personal…

The use of management information systems (MIS) in the department fiscal system is described in this paper, with a focus on development of a planning model prior to MIS implementation. Planning stages involve a task force to evaluate the situation prior to implementation. Applicability of simple and advanced management information systems are…

The third in a series of reports examining the impact of student charges on the goals of open access and educational quality in California's community colleges, this report considers alternatives for maintaining access and quality, the conditions under which student charges should be imposed, and the structures and levels of student charges. Part…

Establishing instructional priorities in public schools is a worthwhile and important process. Because time and money are insufficient to increase staffing in schools, setting priorities is a necessary component of successful managing. Steps to be taken in setting instructional priorities are as follows: (1) Adopt a statement of mission describing…

The relationship between educational finance and organizational effectiveness or "health" in 50 Connecticut high schools was examined. Data were collected using existing organizational health questionnaires and archival data. A sample was randomly selected from the population of public high schools in Connecticut. Seven…

Data are provided showing trends in operational planning data in the Wisconsin Vocational, Technical, and Adult Education (VTAE) system between 1974-75 and 1985-86, with particular focus on 1985-86 enrollment, graduation, and cost allocation data. Four operational data areas have been analyzed; i.e., full-time equivalent (FTE) and headcount…

Drawing from site visits to 39 public and private colleges in Massachusetts, this report presents an evaluation of college programs in business administration and management and recommendations for improvement. Section 1 provides an overview of the statewide study and its findings. After identifying the colleges visited and the members of the…

Guidelines for assisting colleges and universities to improve the international dimension of their campuses are presented, with attention to administrative leadership, curriculum development, faculty development, student awareness, and resources. Each guideline consists of a definition, an interpretation of its potential contribution to…