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Peer reviewed
Direct linkChappell, Richard Yetter; Singer, Peter – Research Ethics, 2020
There is too much that we do not know about COVID-19. The longer we take to find it out, the more lives will be lost. In this paper, we will defend a principle of "risk parity": if it is permissible to expose some members of society (e.g. health workers or the economically vulnerable) to a certain level of "ex ante" risk in…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Medical Research, Risk
Equivalence of Entropy Balancing and the Method of Moments for Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison
Phillippo, David M.; Dias, Sofia; Ades, A. E.; Welton, Nicky J. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2020
Indirect comparisons are used to obtain estimates of relative effectiveness between two treatments that have not been compared in the same randomized controlled trial, but have instead been compared against a common comparator in separate trials. Standard indirect comparisons use only aggregate data, under the assumption that there are no…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Outcomes of Treatment, Patients, Randomized Controlled Trials
Qijun Li, Kendrick; Rice, Kenneth – Research Synthesis Methods, 2020
Meta-analysis of 2 × 2 tables is common and useful in research topics including analysis of adverse events and survey research data. Fixed-effects inference typically centers on measures of association such as the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistic or Woolf's estimator, but relies on assuming exact homogeneity across studies, which is often…
Descriptors: Inferences, Meta Analysis, Intervals, Prevention
Nejstgaard, Camilla Hansen; Lundh, Andreas; Abdi, Suhayb; Clayton, Gemma; Gelle, Mustafe Hassan Adan; Laursen, David Ruben Teindl; Olorisade, Babatunde Kazeem; Savovic, Jelena; Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Randomised trials are often funded by commercial companies and methodological studies support a widely held suspicion that commercial funding may influence trial results and conclusions. However, these studies often have a risk of confounding and reporting bias. The risk of confounding is markedly reduced in meta-epidemiological studies that…
Descriptors: Medical Research, Randomized Controlled Trials, Corporations, Financial Support
Download full textSpybrook, Jessaca; Maynard, Rebecca; Anderson, Dustin – Grantee Submission, 2022
The practice of prospectively registering the details of intervention studies in a public database or registry is gaining momentum across disciplines as a strategy for increasing the transparency, credibility, and accessibility of study findings. In this article, we consider five registries that may be relevant for registration of intervention…
Descriptors: Prevention, Intervention, Databases, Credibility
Piepho, Hans-Peter; Madden, Laurence V. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Network meta-analysis is a popular method to synthesize the information obtained in a systematic review of studies (e.g., randomized clinical trials) involving subsets of multiple treatments of interest. The dominant method of analysis employs within-study information on treatment contrasts and integrates this over a network of studies. One…
Descriptors: Medical Research, Meta Analysis, Networks, Drug Therapy
Meadows, Meredith L.; Suiter, Sarah V.; Sealy, Linda J.; Marshall, Dana R.; Whalen, Margaret M.; Adunyah, Samuel E. – CBE - Life Sciences Education, 2022
This study examined longitudinal education and career outcomes of the Meharry-Vanderbilt-Tennessee State University Cancer Partnership, the longest-running National Cancer Institute (NCI) Comprehensive Partnerships in Advancing Cancer Health Equity (CPACHE) program site in the United States. Degree completion rates were calculated and progression…
Descriptors: College Students, Oncology, Academic Achievement, Outcomes of Education
Reza Hosseini Ghomi; Sarah Holden; Aaron Ong; Akanksha Bawa; Ali Rafiq; Aparna Hariprasad; Christian Buensuceso; Emily Nguyen; Enoch Chung; Goda Lajauskaite; Hirali Kadakia; John Kim; Kaylani Tam; Kendra Leete; Kielan Lemoine-Kowalski; Kimmie Bacon; Lana Shamdeen; Nadav Brumer; Nikolai Liang; Yasmin Byott; David Atkins; John Neumaier – European Educational Researcher, 2019
Since the mid-1990s, the US has seen a decline in research activities in medical education and academic health care centers. Our goal was to offer a multi-disciplinary experience for undergraduates to participate in a practical, hands-on research experience to increase the likelihood of entering STEM research careers. The authors structured a…
Descriptors: Medical Education, Teaching Methods, Medical Research, Clinical Experience
van Dulmen, Tim H. H.; Visser, Talitha C.; Pepin, Birgit; McKenney, Susan – Research in Science & Technological Education, 2023
Background: Although cutting-edge chemistry research can be an interesting and motivating context for students in pre-university education, few characteristics of supportive and effective learning materials based on such contexts are available. Purpose: In this study we investigated the design, implementation, and evaluation of context-based…
Descriptors: Chemistry, Science Instruction, Material Development, Instructional Materials
Vetrovec, Logan; Massey, Anne; Santen, Sally A.; Edwards, Cherie; Kreutzer, Kathleen O'Kane; Harris, Kevin – Metropolitan Universities, 2022
Academic health centers (AHC) both contribute to and are influenced by the communities they serve. As part of a central commitment to improving human health, there is a need for AHCs to acknowledge their history related to race and racism, the resulting impact on current health disparities, and the disparate treatment of racial and minoritized…
Descriptors: Health Services, Medical Services, Medical Schools, Clinics
van Zundert, Camiel H. J.; Miocevic, Milica – Research Synthesis Methods, 2020
Synthesizing findings about the indirect (mediated) effect plays an important role in determining the mechanism through which variables affect one another. This simulation study compared six methods for synthesizing indirect effects: correlation-based MASEM, parameter-based MASEM, marginal likelihood synthesis, an adjustment to marginal likelihood…
Descriptors: Correlation, Comparative Analysis, Meta Analysis, Bayesian Statistics
Papadimitropoulou, Katerina; Stijnen, Theo; Riley, Richard D.; Dekkers, Olaf M.; Cessie, Saskia – Research Synthesis Methods, 2020
Meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) is considered the "gold-standard" for synthesizing clinical study evidence. However, gaining access to IPD can be a laborious task (if possible at all) and in practice only summary (aggregate) data are commonly available. In this work we focus on meta-analytic approaches of comparative…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Correlation, Scores, Outcomes of Treatment
Song, Yue; Sun, Feng; Redline, Susan; Wang, Rui – Research Synthesis Methods, 2020
Meta-analyses of clinical trials typically focus on one outcome at a time. However, treatment decision-making depends on an overall assessment of outcomes balancing benefit in various domains and potential risks. This calls for meta-analysis methods for combined outcomes that encompass information from different domains. When individual patient…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Patients, Data, Outcomes of Treatment
Li, Jiao; Gao, Furong; Jin, Caixia; Shi, Xiujuan; Zhang, Chen; Jia, Song; Xu, Jie; Lv, Lixia; Yang, Wenzhuo; Xu, Lei – Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 2020
In teaching of experiments for medical students, by using the isolation of mononuclear cells and identification of B lymphocytes, an experiment was developed that integrated biochemistry, cytology, and immunology techniques, from which the students performed a series of operations including spleen separation, isolating mononuclear cells, and…
Descriptors: Cytology, Medical Students, Teaching Methods, Laboratory Experiments
Mackworth-Young, Charles – Journal of Research Administration, 2021
Background: The peer review of clinical research projects is an essential step in project preparation. While some projects undergo rigorous review by grant-giving organizations, this does not apply to all clinical research. In many cases, peer review, if undertaken at all, is not rigorous, fully independent, or timely. Depending on their…
Descriptors: Peer Evaluation, Medical Research, Research Projects, Ethics
