This study was designed to determine if the failure of previous investigations to find habituation and response to novelty in infants younger than 2 months of age was because the stimuli used were too complex or because a constant number of trials rather than an individual criterion of habituation was used. A total of 24 infants between 5 and 6…

Several experiments involving approximately 130 6-year-old children were conducted to examine the effects of overt illustration on first graders' learning from oral prose. In all experiments, experimental Ss heard prose selections after or during which they illustrated selection content with plasticized figure cutouts and background scenes while…

The learning effects of display motion in procedural learning tasks were examined in two studies. In the first study, two videotapes with identical sound tracks were constructed--one using the recorded television camera motion, the other substituting a parallel series of still camera shots. The results showed a superiority of the motion condition.…

This study examines some variables that may affect two aspects of syntax in Head Start children; the use of descriptors and the use of complete sentences. Thirty-six children were assigned to six experimental conditions in a design which varied adult verbal modeling, feedback, and sex. Children given adult verbal modeling produced significantly…

Forty-two brain injured boys and 42 non brain injured boys (aged 11-6 to 12-6) were tested to determine the effects of increasing amounts of visual and auditory distraction on reading performance. The Stanford Achievement Reading Comprehension Test was administered with three degrees of distraction. The visual distraction consisted of either very…

The relationship between visual and auditory performance and reading achievement came under scrutiny in this study. It was thought that both poor and average readers would perform better on auditory tasks than on visual ones but that this discrepancy would be considerably greater for the poor or retarded reader. Seventy-two children from grades 1,…

A study of the effects on responses to a word association task of varying the modality of the input of the stimulus word was used as a means of doing step-wise analysis of word association data. Subjects were 70 males and 70 females randomly selected from adult basic education classes in the Atlanta, Georgia, area and assigned to one of the…

Research measured the attention of deaf children to captioned visuals using a conjugate reinforcement procedure. The subjects were six deaf children aged eight to 15, whose IQs fell within the normal range. The stimulus material consisted of slides produced from a captioned filmstrip; subjects controlled the presentation of the stimulus via a…

This experiment tested conjectures concerning the effects of learners' attending preferences on the establishment of auditory-visual intersensory associations in a bisensory paired associate task. Attending patterns were identified through the use of a bisensory diget-span task. On the basis of fifth and sixth grade subjects' performance during…

Differences in articulation error rates and error patterns as a function of five elicitation modes (picture, picture with pretraining, word repetition, sentence repetition, and nonsense word repetition) were examined. The same 15 words (or pictures representing them) were stimuli in four real word conditions; nonsense words were formed by…

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the inclusion of visual tracking exercise in a remedial reading program would result in significant higher reading achievement scores when compared to a conventional remedial reading program. Seventy-five sixth-grade students, reading a year or more below grade level and potential, made…

The lack of standardization in research involving pictorial variables has made it difficult to clarify the functions of pictorial stimuli in learning. This study sought to determine whether selected methods of rendering pictorial illustrations influenced the number and type of descriptive words evoked in a verbal association task. Normally the…

This paper explores the effects of infant predominant state of arousal upon very early mother-infant interaction, through observation of a group of 20 healthy 3-day-old nursery roommates and their mothers during hospital feeding sessions. In an experimental procedure involving a modified time-sampling technique, two observers simultaneously…

Good readers and poor readers (aged 7, 9, and 11) responded to stimuli matchable by physical similarity (e.g., A-A) or by name (e.g., A-a). The lack of a significant age or reading competence interaction with the type of match was interpreted as an inability of the poor reader to reduce required visual processing through anticipation. (Author/CP)

Brain-injured (N=24), cultural-familially retarded (N=24), and nonretarded (N=28) adolescents and young adults were compared on a letter priming task requiring recognition of matched pairs. Response time in both retarded groups was considerably slower than in the nonretarded group, and effortful processing was also slower to develop. (JW)