In the typical career appraisal, the structure of client and counselor roles and the focus of the assessments and interpretation obstruct its intended purpose in four major ways: casting clients as subordinates, discounting self-assessment by favoring counselor assessments, de-emphasizing the influence of context, and focusing on a single choice.…

Tests how perceived self-efficacy influenced cognitive task performance among 64 Canadian college students. Shows students with high perceptions of self-efficacy, induced by positive feedback, completed more problems, had more efficient problem-solving strategies, and accurately self-evaluated responses. Illustrates self-efficacy's context…

Explores self-rated emotional expressiveness of specific feelings by college students in relation to gender of the subject and gender of the target person. Expression of the following feelings is explored: (1) fear; (2) sadness; (3) loneliness; (4) anger; and (5) liking/love. Significant sex differences are discussed. (JS)

Elaborates on theoretical model concerning development and maintenance of interests in relation to three cognitive determinants: perceived abilities, expected success, and anticipated satisfaction. Conducted interpersonal design study, finding cognitive determinants highly correlated with interests. In intrapersonal design study, interests were…

Tested mildly depressed undergraduates (N=52) in treatment for depression using cognitive-behavioral, self-help manual. Results suggest that Holland's Realistic personality types are most successful in terms of reduction of depression scores, whereas Enterprising types are least successful in terms of attrition. Low superiority, high generalized…

Counselor trainees (n=18) were randomly assigned to treatment (nonverbal sensitivity) or control (empathy training) conditions. Trainees saw a recruited client before and after a 15-week counseling methods class. Trainees rated self and clients rated sessions. Trainees in treatment condition increased their focus on client nonverbal behavior and…

Studied self-efficacy and treatment outcomes in a sample of opioid addicts. Results show self-efficacy influenced subsequent drug use in parallel with previous behavior. Suggests that psychological constructs like self-efficacy may hold promise for understanding and decreasing illicit opioid use during long-term methadone detoxification treatment.…

The effectiveness of teacher training for enhancing feelings of personal teaching efficacy was assessed for control and training-group teachers. Pretesting, posttesting, and followup examined personal and teaching efficacy, teaching satisfaction, and role integration. Results supported the value of training and of addressing teacher efficacy…

Provides an overview of literature related to sex role socialization, a presentation of the cognitive behavioral social theory espoused by Bandura, and an intervention to enhance the self-efficacy of African-American female athletes. Presents psychosocial and career development model for African-American female college athletes and provides…

The findings from this study of Georgia teachers generally support the contention that condensed pedagogical preparation and a supervised internship are a reasonable alternative to traditional teacher preparation programs for persons with degrees in the subject they will teach. (IAH)

Discussion of social cognitive theory and the role of television focuses on a study that investigated the influences of ethnic group membership and family communication environment variables on adolescents' knowledge, efficacy, and values related to politics. Highlights include the nature of family influences via the media and effects of media…

Self-efficacy beliefs, perceptions of infant temperament, social and marital support, and parenting behavior of depressed and nondepressed mothers of infants were assessed. Maternal self-efficacy beliefs were related to maternal behavioral competence. When demographic variables were controlled for, self-efficacy correlated with maternal perception…

A study involving 51 female undergraduate students compared abilities of dysphoric and intermittently dysphoric students to nondysphoric students performing a game requiring eye-hand coordination. More negative self-evaluations of dysphoric and intermittently dysphoric students' own performance are considered in terms of theories of depression.…

The use of cognitive behavior modification is suggested to remediate problems of illiteracy with deaf students. The discussion focuses on the costs of illiteracy among deaf youth; intervention to improve academic performance; self-efficacy and academic achievement; Vygotsky's zone of proximal development and the concept of scaffolded instruction;…

Thirty-three gifted fourth graders received writing strategy instruction and were given a goal of learning to use the strategy of writing paragraphs. The children who received feedback on their progress achieved better writing outcomes and transfer than children who did not. These children judged their self-efficacy for writing improvement higher…