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Pappas, James P.; Jerman, Jerry; Coughlin, Carolyn – New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2015
Constructive-developmental theorists have made the case that adults require at least a self-authored meaning-making system to thrive in today's world. This chapter shows how coaches literate in adult development and body/mind theory and practice can be powerful partners to adults on the journey to self-authorship.
Descriptors: Developmental Programs, Coaching (Performance), Adult Development, Theory of Mind
The Understanding of Intentions, Desires and Beliefs in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Broekhof, Evelien; Ketelaar, Lizet; Stockmann, Lex; van Zijp, Annette; Bos, Marieke G. N.; Rieffe, Carolien – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
This study provides a comprehensive picture of three core elements (Intentions, Desires, Beliefs) of Theory of Mind (ToM) in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 63, "M"age = 55 months) and typically developing children (TD, n = 69, "M"age = 54 months). Outcomes showed that ASD and TD children understood…
Descriptors: Young Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Intention
Saryazdi, Raheleh; Chambers, Craig G. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
One core question in studies of language processing is the extent to which interlocutors engage in real-time communicative perspective-taking. Current evidence suggests that both children and young adult listeners are able to draw on common ground (shared knowledge) to guide referential interpretation. However, less is known about older listeners,…
Descriptors: Perspective Taking, Older Adults, Young Adults, Language Processing
White, Rachel E.; Carlson, Stephanie M. – Developmental Science, 2016
This experimental research assessed the influence of graded levels of self-distancing--psychological distancing from one's egocentric perspective--on executive function (EF) in young children. Three- (n = 48) and 5-year-old (n = 48) children were randomly assigned to one of four manipulations of distance from the self (from proximal to distal:…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Preschool Children, Age Groups, Followup Studies
Massaro, Davide; Castelli, Ilaria; Sanvito, Laura; Marchetti, Antonella – European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2014
This study investigated two different expressions of the so-called curse of knowledge in primary school children: hindsight bias and outcome bias. Further, it explored the possible predictive function of false belief understanding in reducing these biases. Ninety-one children aged 7, 9, and 11 years (middle- to upper-middle class) were…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Bias, Beliefs, Theory of Mind
Sundqvist, Annette; Holmer, Emil; Koch, Felix-Sebastian; Heimann, Mikael – Infant and Child Development, 2018
This study explored the development of theory of mind (ToM) in 80 Swedish-speaking 3- to 5-year-olds, a previously unstudied language and culture. The ToM scale was translated and tested in a Swedish context. The results show that the ToM abilities improve significantly with age. In addition, a gender difference was observed for the whole sample,…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Preschool Children, Social Development, Emotional Development
Graham, Susan A.; San Juan, Valerie; Khu, Melanie – Journal of Child Language, 2017
When linguistic information alone does not clarify a speaker's intended meaning, skilled communicators can draw on a variety of cues to infer communicative intent. In this paper, we review research examining the developmental emergence of preschoolers' sensitivity to a communicative partner's perspective. We focus particularly on preschoolers'…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Language Acquisition, Cues, Preschool Children
Hutchins, Tiffany L.; Allen, Lyndsey; Schefer, Maggie – Deafness & Education International, 2017
Traditional child-performance measures of theory of mind (ToM) are associated with several limitations. The Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (ToMI-2) is a new broadband caregiver-informant measure designed to tap children's ToM competence. The purposes of this pilot study were to (1) gather preliminary data to explore the scope of the ToM challenges…
Descriptors: Pilot Projects, Theory of Mind, Measures (Individuals), Hearing Impairments
Tomlinson, Elizabeth; Newman, Sara – Composition Studies, 2017
This study investigates how individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) approach writing tasks. We draw from the largest sample of autistic individuals to date in our field to argue for the value of understanding ASD writers through the lens of neurodiversity. The neurodiversity approach focuses on autism as a part of human experience and…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Writing Instruction, Writing (Composition)
Jansen, Jennifer M.; Green, Elizabeth; Stroud, Louise A.; Watson, Mark B. – Journal of Education and Learning, 2020
This study illustrates the use of the Griffiths III Scales to further clarify a diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder and possible Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder following a test battery of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Conners 3-Parent and Teacher Surveys, and the Goodenough-Harris Draw-a-Person test in a child aged 6 years. The…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Screening Tests
Rizzo, Michael T.; Li, Leon; Burkholder, Amanda R.; Killen, Melanie – Developmental Psychology, 2019
In a hidden inequality context, resource allocators and resource recipients are unaware that an unknowingly advantaged recipient possesses resources. The present study presented children aged 3-13 years (N = 121) with a hidden inequality vignette involving an accidental transgression in which one resource claimant, who unknowingly possessed more…
Descriptors: Deception, Child Development, Moral Values, Intention
Kim, Young-Suk Grace – Grantee Submission, 2019
We investigated 2 hypotheses of a recently proposed integrative theoretical model of reading, the direct and indirect effects model of reading (DIER; Kim, 2017b, 2019): (a) hierarchical relations and (b) dynamic relations (or differential relations) of skills to reading comprehension. Students were assessed on reading comprehension, word reading,…
Descriptors: Language Skills, Cognitive Ability, Reading Comprehension, Reading Instruction
Mizokawa, Ai – Infant and Child Development, 2015
This study investigated sensitivity to teacher and peer criticism among 89 Japanese 6-year-olds and examined the connection between sensitivity to criticism and first-order and second-order theory of mind separately. Participants completed a common test battery that included tasks assessing sensitivity to criticism (teacher or peer condition), the…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Psychological Patterns, Young Children, Teacher Student Relationship
Palkovich, Einat Natalie – Children's Literature in Education, 2015
Mothers are essential facilitators of early Theory of Mind development and intrinsic to the acquisition, as well as the content, of many basic schemas learnt in infancy. In this article it is argued that the "mother" schema in children's literature can ease a child's transition into literary discourse by exploiting the child's…
Descriptors: Childrens Literature, Fantasy, Mothers, Psychological Patterns
Armstrong, Meghan; Esteve Gibert, Núria; Hübscher, Iris; Igualada, Alfonso; Prieto, Pilar – First Language, 2018
This article investigates how children leverage intonational and gestural cues to an individual's belief state through unimodal (intonation-only or facial gesture-only) and multimodal (intonation + facial gesture) cues. A total of 187 preschoolers (ages 3-5) participated in a disbelief comprehension task and were assessed for Theory of Mind (ToM)…
Descriptors: Child Development, Nonverbal Communication, Preschool Children, Cues