In Experiment 1, we trained four pigeons to concurrently discriminate displays of 16 same icons (16S) from displays of 16 different icons (16D) as well as between displays of same icons (16S) from displays that contained 15 same icons and one different icon (15S:1D). The birds rapidly learned to discriminate 16S vs. 16D displays, but they failed…

Intuitively, dynamic visual stimuli, such as moving objects or flashing lights, attract attention. Visual search tasks have revealed that dynamic targets among static distractors can indeed efficiently guide attention. The present study shows that the reverse case, a static target among dynamic distractors, allows for relatively efficient…

The authors present a comprehensive consideration of the process characteristics of visual search in contexts that vary in their meaningfulness. The authors frame hypotheses regarding process architecture, stopping rule, capacity, and channel independence, using analytic results and a rigorously specified dynamic system to characterize a set of…

Translation accounts have argued that the presence of a Stroop effect in the context of a nonvocal untranslated response is caused by verbal mediation. In its simplest form, color-labeled buttons are translated into a verbal code that interferes with color responses. On this logic, in the reverse Stroop task (identify the word; ignore the color),…

In the United States, the likelihood that an art teacher may teach a child with autism in an inclusive classroom is high, since one out of every 166 children in the country is diagnosed with autism. Federal law mandates that every child has the right to a free and appropriate education. Some children with autism have exceptional artistic abilities…

This article seeks to articulate developing trends in art education and practice, locating such movements within the broader cultural contexts of globalization, neoliberal capitalism, and postmodernity. Against this more general synopsis, the autobiographical position of the author as a student and teacher of art will be elucidated as inextricably…

The central and peripheral visual fields are structurally segregated in the brain and are differentiated by their anatomical and functional characteristics. While the central field appears well suited for tasks such as visual search, the periphery is optimized for rapid processing over broad regions. People vary in their abilities to make use of…

The goals of this study were to identify the constructs of visual literacy, to determine the amount of agreement or disagreement which exists concerning the identified constructs, and to provide a measure of relative importance among the identified constructs. The Delphi technique was employed to elicit information and opinions from a panel of…

A model is described to suggest how the visual system may keep track of perceived objects as their images move on the retina. (Author)

EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO DISCOVER WHETHER INSTRUCTIONAL FILMS IN COLOR WERE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN BLACK AND WHITE VERSIONS OF THE SAME FILMS. IN ONE EXPERIMENT, COLOR AND BLACK AND WHITE VERSIONS OF FIVE INSTRUCTIONAL FILMS WERE SHOWN TO 500 NINTH- AND 10-GRADE STUDENTS, HALF THE STUDENTS SEEING THE COLOR FILMS AND THE OTHER HALF SEEING THE…

Eye Movements were used as a criterion of observing responses in a vigilance task. Time on watch and signal rates similarly affected both eye-movement rates and percentage of detections. Observing rate may account for detection data, and may be a more stable measure of vigilance than detection rate, especially when very few signals occur. This…

Learning through the use of symbols presupposes the ability to think visually, including the perception, structuring, processing, and transformation of visual images. Since children process high volumes of visual messages, especially via television, schools should restructure curricula to include objectives in visual literacy, specifically the…

The study employed the use of field reversals--printing white and yellow foregrounds on a black background--to decrease the amount of light reflected from printed materials to the eye with 18 visually impaired children (9-14 years old). The findings indicated that neither reversals in contrast nor chromaticity differences were effective measures…

The relationship between each of seven predictor variables and the relative degree to which 84 normal and hearing-impaired children used audition or vision in their perception of word stimuli were investigated. It was concluded that the relative use of audition was almost completely related to their auditory capabilities. (Author/CL)

The author reviews research on visual training for learning disabled students and addresses three major topics: what vision training is, for whom it is appropriate, and how effective it is. She cites the lack of solid research base from which to derive clinical decisions. (CL)