To investigate the development of the process whereby deaf Ss attend to the orthographic structure of written materials, the perception of words and letter sequences by 108 deaf and hearing Ss matched at three grade levels (grades 1, 2, and 4) of word reading was studied. Ss were shown three sets of structured/unstructured stimuli (such as "VUNS"…

The paper discusses some of the "belief systems knowledge" used in language understanding. It begins with a presentation of a theory of personal causation. The theory supplies the tools to account for purposeful behavior. Using primitives of the theory, the social aspect of an action can be described. The social aspect is that which depends on…

The study investigated the visual discrimination abilities of children who varied in their ability to recognize words. Measures of word recognition and intelligence were obtained in 87 first-, second-, and third-grade subjects. All subjects then performed a visual discrimination task which uses artificial graphemes as stimuli. The task required…

This study investigated the effect of two social dialects, Black English (BE) and standard English (SE), and word frequency on performance in blending and word recognition. The subjects were 60 second-grade children from three ethnic groups: 20 white SE speaking children, 20 black BE speaking children, and 20 black SE speaking children. The…

Consisting of nine individualized inservice packets, the Teaching Teen Reading Series describes reading procedures applicable to instruction in all subjects in the elementary, middle, and secondary school. This fifth packet is designed to enable the teacher to equip the student with varied word recognition skills. Different approaches to teaching…

Fifteen high school students served as volunteer tutors in an individualized reading program for 14 fourth and fifth grade pupils unable to succeed at grade level in reading skills. Assignments were based on the Ginn 100 reading series and Ss were evaluated on word recognition (taught with flashcards) and comprehension. Each student improved in…

A major objective of this study was to seek the relationship of principles derived from traditional paired-associates transfer experiments as applied to the reading task. In this experiment 10 subjects from upper-division education courses, all volunteers, received various types of preliminary training with letter stimuli; then all subjects…

In order to give attention to the varied backgrounds and experiences of individuals entering adult basic education classes, a change from the established preselected program is suggested. This new approach would center around the assessment of a student's level of development in essential reading skills, particularly of word-attack skills. Such a…

The feasibility of devising a highly individualized reading program for low-achieving 6-year-old children centering on structured tutoring was investigated. The 33 subjects from three schools would enter first grade in the fall and were considered low achievers on the basis of kindergarten testing. Upper-grade elementary students volunteered to…

The first half of this review of the recent literature on word attack skills describes 11 major reading systems currently in use and evaluates and compares them. The second half reviews reports of current word attack research under the headings of traditional phonic generalization research, current linguistic formulations, unit size, Gibson:…

This project developed an informal reading test from adult basic education teaching materials and investigated reading performance at six levels among adults attending basic education classes. Graded word lists, readiness oral reading passages, and graded oral reading passages were administered to 37 adults. The six most discriminating word lists…

Three hundred and ninety-seven objectives and related evaluation items for reading in grades kindergarten through three are presented for the teacher and administrator in this collection developed by the Instructional Objectives Exchange (IOX). The objectives are organized into the categories of word recognition, comprehension, and study skills,…

The purpose of this study was to measure the gains that culturally different 4-year-old children made in reading readiness activities and the acquisition of a sight vocabulary when exposed to an extensive prekindergarten reading intervention program. The subjects of the study were selected initially from a group of volunteer families. The subjects…

The five basic objectives of this study were: (1) to review and analyze five reading programs and write the skills and concepts presented in each program; (2) to compile a list of skills and concepts found to be common in the majority of programs; (3) to develop and write assessment tasks with terminal criteria that require student performance of…

The foundation for the word attack element of the Wisconsin Design for Reading Skill Development consists of the Outline of Reading Skills and related behavioral objectives. The list of word attack skills was originally drawn from a prepared curriculum guide of a public school system and subsequently refined. The skills are the ones commonly…