Social-emotional and rational-cognitive explanations of group risky shift on choice dilemmas (hypothetical life situations) were evaluated by comparing shift in groups of low Mach (emotional) and high Mach (non-emotional) subjects. Effects of Machiavellian beliefs on social functioning are examined. Group composition was not observed to affect…

Evidence for the hypothesis that the appearance of visually presented words is stored in "literal copy" form is critically evaluated and shown to be inconclusive. An experiment in which students were required to retain information about zero, one, or two visual properties of words is reported. (Editor)

The present research represents an initial attempt to compare the results obtained using artificial information with results obtained in a typical semantic memory experiment. (Editor)

Visual masking occurs when one stimulus interferes with the perception of another stimulus. Investigates which matters more for visual masking--that the target and masking stimuli are flashed on the same part of the retina, or, that the target and mask appear in the same place. (Author/RK)

Subjects were required to discriminate previously learned "standard" versions of angular shapes from randomly perturbed "distrator" versions that varied in similarity to the standard. (Editor)

The rate of speaking in words per minute is a function of three independent variables, namely, articulation rate and the number and durations of pauses. The present study varies each of these components separately in a factorial design in order to determine how the listener combines them into a global impression of speech rate. (Editor)

Examines an alternation effect and a repetition effect in a two-choice reaction time task. Two further experiments examine the roles of subjective expectancy and an automatic facilitation in determining these effects. (Editor/RK)

Comments on Maier and Seligman's research (EJ 138 911) on learned helplessness, specifically on their analysis of alternatives to the learned helplessness hypothesis. (Author/RK)

Do observers analyze the stimulus into its logical components, as the experimenter does when constructing them, and judge these components separately, or do observers initially judge the entire stimulus in a holistic manner? (Editor)

This research was designed to investigate sentence comprehension and recall through an examination of cue effectiveness. It was expected that a cue which contained information about an object that was a probable inference from the sentence would be an effective recall cue. (Author/RK)

This research investigates why it is that the more concrete the subject noun phrase of a sentence, the more likely the predicate is to be recalled when the subject noun phrase is the cue. (Editor/RK)

One possibility explored in the present study is that semantic encoding and, consequently, the usefulness of interitem relations in recall depend not only on attention to meaning but also on the particular attributes of meaning on which one's attention is focused during study of the words. (Author)

Investigates factors that have effects on conditioning. Tests nine mice with three types of reinforcement: (1) primary-need positive reinforcement; (2) secondary-need positive reinforcement; and (3) secondary-need negative reinforcement. Measures the effectiveness of the reinforcements by both rate of response and response strength. Discusses the…

This study of healthy 39-week-old infants, so-called term infants, and chronically stressed 42-week-old infants, so-called postmature infants, showed that sucrose was extremely effective in calming term infants but less effective in calming postmature infants. Results supported the hypothesis that sucrose engages an opioid system in infants. (BG)

Investigates the amount of disclosure by undergraduate psychology students concerning their experience as research participants. Examines students' anticipated disclosure, and actual disclosure rates immediately after experiments and following a two-week interval. Shows disclosure rates were highest (85 percent) when students were promised…