This essay describes significant legal and policy system changes in America's 50-year crusade to curtail or eliminate racially segregated public school. In hindsight, a more forceful initial policy system stance regarding judicial enforcement might well have resulted in greater desegregation success. However, after 5 decades of judicial and…

The "Brown v. Board of Education" of 50 years ago was perhaps the most significant school reform implemented in American education. The goal of this landmark decision was to end public school segregation and introduce racially integrated schools. Now in the 21st century and clearly in the shadows of this decision, we argue that the hope…

The Monroe School was one of the four segregated grade schools where the Topeka board of education assigned black schoolchildren. The building had been through many permutations since it closed in 1975. Its long-term future was a question mark, but the Brown Foundation will embark on a mission to preserve a local and national historic site. The…

A 2002 study, "Race in American Public Schools: Rapidly Resegregating School Districts," identified Michigan as the state with the most segregated schools in the nation. The present data brief looks at changes in the distribution of Michigan's African American students between 1992-93 and 2004-05 to determine if African American students…

If ever there ever was an unsung heroine in journalism, it was LaBerta Miller Phillips, who taught journalism and advised student publications at Fort Worth's segregated I.M. Terrell High School from 1922 to 1966. When asked how she was farsighted enough to be teaching journalism all those years when there were few jobs open to blacks in the…

CONCLUSIONS OF JUDGE SWEENEY'S REVIEW OF THE SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, RULING ARE PRESENTED. THERE WAS NO DELIBERATE INTENTION OF THE SCHOOL AUTHORITIES TO SEGREGATE THE SCHOOLS. SEGREGATION RESULTED FROM A RIGID ADHERENCE TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD PLAN OF SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, WHICH HAD BEEN IN EFFECT SINCE THE LATTER PART OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IN…

The history of the twenty-five year period since the Brown v. Board of Education decision can be divided into three phases. The first phase was from '54 to '64, during which the Court applied its rule of "all deliberate speed." The focus was on desegregating the dual systems of the South, the products of de jure segregation, and all…

This article presents data on the status of school desegregation in Atlanta, Little Rock, and Nashville. Specifically described are integration methods, school population, racial distribution, number of schools, and public school enrollment. The consolidation of the metropolitan and county school systems in these cities is also noted. It is felt…

This report describes the findings of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights hearings in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1968. A comparison with the report of the 1958 hearings in the same city is made throughout the document. It is noted that there has been minimal, if any, improvement in the discrimination against the black people of Alabama in the past…

The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights acquired and analyzed information relating to school desegregation in the Southern and border States during the 1966-67 school year. Data were obtained by the Commission primarily from field investigations (mostly in rural school districts) and analysis of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's files…

This book offers a coordinated coverage of decisions relating to education rendered by the U.S. Supreme Court during the tenure of Chief Justice Earl Warren. Each case related to a particular topic is analyzed, and the case findings on the more specific aspects of the issues involved are coordinated. Issues covered are religion, segregation, and…

This non-regulatroy guide from the U.S. Department of Education focuses on the McKinney-Vento Education for the Homeless Children and Youth (McKinney-Vento) program as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. An introductory section explains the purpose of McKinney-Vento, the statutory authority for the program, how the new McKinney-Vento…

Reviews the issues which turned congressional efforts away from implementing school desegregation toward directly opposing it, focusing especially on the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1972. (JM)

Examines the Internal Revenue Service's proposed procedures for reviewing the tax exempt status of private schools and the controversy surrounding the procedure. Concludes that fair administration of the procedure will result in net benefit to all concerned. Available from William and Mary Law Review, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA…