This study attempted to identify the level of health literacy among older adults by applying the Andersen model and analyzing the factors affecting this level. We used the nationwide secondary data from the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey. Data obtained from 74,492 older adults aged 65 years or more were analyzed using the t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. As a result of applying the Anderson model to the health literacy ability of older adults, statistically significant variables were predisposing (age, sex, spouse), enabling (education level), and need (subjective health status) factors for health literacy. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that it is necessary to establish a public healthcare program to improve the health literacy and welfare of older adults.