The application of programmable automation (PA) offers new opportunities to enhance and streamline manufacturing processes. Five PA technologies are examined in this report: computer-aided design, robots, numerically controlled machine tools, flexible manufacturing systems, and computer-integrated manufacturing. Each technology is in a relatively…

Two reviews are presented of "The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education," which was edited by Asa S. Knowles. The encyclopedia contains articles on national systems of higher education of 198 countries and territories, 282 topical essays on international and cross-national issues, and 142 descriptions of study fields. Also…

Design-based research is proposed as a strategy to address the need for innovation in educational contexts. The article argues the case for increased and more effective research and development in education, and then presents a discussion of design-based research as a methodological set of tools to address this need. The four phases of…

This document presents 12 seminar papers describing research and development efforts in self-instructional programs being undertaken in six countries: the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Jamaica, Liberia, and Canada. The following are topics covered in the individual papers: research and development activities in primary schools; the technology…

The history and structure of education in the Netherlands, the relationship of that structure to educational systems in selected other countries, and the current status of educational innovation in the Netherlands are the major topics of this paper. The author discusses briefly the development of national educational policy, the place of private…

Three broad statements summarizing nine axioms underlie a conceptualization of the character of behavioral and social research: (1) social and behavioral science is inherently reflexive, (2) ethics and epistemology are inseparable, and (3) the inherent complexity of behavioral and social phenomena must be reflected in the models developed to guide…

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, INFORMATION DISSEMINATING ACTIVITIES, AND TRAINING IN RESEARCH ADMINISTERED BY THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION'S BUREAU OF RESEARCH IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF TITLE IV, SECTION 2(D), OF PUBLIC LAW 89-10 ARE DESCRIBED. THE COOPERATIVE RESEARCH ACT, PASSED IN 1954 (AMENDED IN 1966), BECAME OPERATIONAL IN FISCAL YEAR 1957…

THIS REPORT PRESENTS INFORMATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SENSORY AIDS AT THE SENSORY AIDS EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (MIT) BETWEEN OCTOBER 1965 AND NOVEMBER 1966. INCLUDED ARE (1) THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND TESTING OF A RELIABLE MONOTYPE TAPE READER WHICH WILL BE USED IN…

THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER FOR LEARNING AND RE-EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN CONDUCTED AN EXPERIMENT IN THE SUMMER OF 1966 TO TEST AND IMPROVE ITS PROGRAMED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN STRUCTURAL AND TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAMMAR AND TO EXTEND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CERTAIN VARIABLES RELATED TO EFFICIENCY OF LEARNING CONCEPTS--THE IQ LEVELS…

THE CENTER WAS ESTABLISHED ON JUNE 1, 1965, UNDER PROVISIONS OF THE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ACT OF 1963, PUBLIC LAW 88-210. TWO PROGRAMS WERE INITIATED DURING THE CONTRACT PERIOD. THE FIRST INVOLVED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON PROBLEMS IN SIX AREAS--(1) OCCUPATIONAL ADJUSTMENTS IN THE SOUTH, (2) SHAPING FLEXIBLE VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN YOUTH, (3)…

THE POLITICAL INFLUENCES IMPOSED ON BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES WERE DISCUSSED. FROM PERSONAL EXPERIENCE, THE AUTHOR CONCLUDED THAT BOTH TYPES OF INSTITUTION ARE SUBJECT TO PRESSURE FROM POWERFUL, OFTEN SUBTLE, EXTERNAL FORCES, ALTHOUGH THE FORM AND ORIGIN OF ENCROACHMENT MIGHT DIFFER. SOME OF THE…

The transformation of American college life since World War II is traced by a university president who participated in the process at both Lawrence College (1944 to 1953) and Harvard University (1953 to 1971). Some of the crucial changes in university education during that period are discussed, including: its increasing availability to a far…

TO STIMULATE DISCUSSION ABOUT SUPPORT FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, A PRESENTATION WAS MADE AT A PROFESSIONAL MEETING IN OCTOBER 1967, DESCRIBING THE NATURE OF SUCH ACTIVITIES, DISCUSSING SOME OF THE ISSUES RELATING TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF RESEARCH, AND REVIEWING THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UNITED STATES. DIVIDED INTO THREE MAIN SECTIONS,…

In 1967, the Canadian Council for Research in Education sponsored a symposium on educational media and technology which included educational researchers, communication experts, government officials, and representatives of companies concerned with the development of instructional materials. Goals of the symposium were increased communication among…

Demands for better diffusion of social studies instructional materials became widespread in the 1960s and early 1970s. These demands were largely in response to teachers' curiosity about the vast quantities of new social studies materials; to curriculum developers' desire that their materials be adapted; and to the public insistence on the best…