In August 2010, the Smithsonian Science Education Center (SSEC) received a grant of more than $25 million from the U.S. Department of Education's Investing in Innovation (i3) program for a five-year study to validate its Leadership Assistance for Science Education Reform (LASER) model in three very diverse regions of the United States: rural North Carolina, northern New Mexico, and the Houston Independent School District (HISD). A random sample of schools in the three regions took the PASS Open-Ended and Performance Task assessment for the first time in Spring 2012, (end of first posttest year) and again in Spring 2013 and Spring 2014 (second and third posttest years, respectively). Students in the elementary cohort (currently 5th graders in 2013-2014) responded to two Open-Ended (OE) and six Performance Task (PT) items, while students in the middle school cohort (currently 8th graders in 2013-2014) responded to six OE and six PT items. Results are presented in this report.