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Direct linkGraves, Anne W.; Duesbery, Luke; Pyle, Nicole B.; Brandon, Regina R.; McIntosh, Angela S. – Elementary School Journal, 2011
Two experimental studies at one urban middle school investigated the effects of the combination of Tier I and Tier II evidence-based reading instruction compared to Tier I alone on struggling sixth-grade readers (N = 109). All participants received free or reduced-price lunch, and 95% were considered English learners at some point in their school…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Special Needs Students, Grade 6, Urban Schools
Stockard, Jean – Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 2010
Previous research has documented a substantial decline of standardized test scores of children from low-income backgrounds, relative to more advantaged peers, in later elementary grades, the so-called "fourth-grade slump." This article examines changes in reading achievement from first to fifth grade for students in a large urban school…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Reading Achievement, Economically Disadvantaged, Standardized Tests
Peer reviewedRoss, Steven M.; And Others – American Educational Research Journal, 1995
Processes and outcomes associated with Reading Recovery and Success for All reading instruction programs were studied for first graders in 3 schools (n=184). Reading Recovery strongly benefited tutored students, but Success for All was more beneficial for special education students and untutored students. (SLD)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Disadvantaged Youth, Educational Practices, Elementary School Students
