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Marchman, Virginia A.; Martínez, Lucía Z.; Hurtado, Nereyda; Grüter, Theres; Fernald, Anne – Developmental Science, 2017
In research on language development by bilingual children, the early language environment is commonly characterized in terms of the relative amount of exposure a child gets to each language based on parent report. Little is known about how absolute measures of child-directed speech in two languages relate to language growth. In this study of…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Spanish Speaking, English, Parent Attitudes
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Lindholm-Leary, Kathryn; Block, Nicholas – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2010
The purpose of this study is to examine how 659 Hispanic students in dual language programs in segregated or predominantly Hispanic/low socio-economic status (SES) schools are performing on standardized tests compared to school and statewide comparison groups. Test results are presented from two separate studies of English language learner and…
Descriptors: Test Results, Socioeconomic Status, Immersion Programs, Standardized Tests