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Codding, Robin S.; Chan-Iannetta, Lisa; George, Shauna; Ferreira, Kristine; Volpe, Robert – School Psychology Quarterly, 2011
The purpose of this study was to use multilevel modeling to compare the effects of KPALS alone and combined with goal setting and reinforcement to a control condition on early numeracy performance of 96 kindergarteners. Demographic variables were examined as moderators. Results differed according to early numeracy measure, with both versions of…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Academic Achievement, Numeracy, Goal Orientation
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Ramaswamy, Vidya; Bergin, Christi – Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 2009
Teachers were trained to use reinforcement and induction to increase prosocial behavior in a sample of 98 children in Head Start-affiliated preschools, using a peer coaching model. There was one control group and three intervention groups: reinforcement-only, induction-only, and reinforcement-and-induction. Results indicated that the intervention…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Psychological Needs, Prosocial Behavior, Intervention
Prescott, Sharon H. – ProQuest LLC, 2010
The purpose of this study was to explore upper elementary reading classes in a low socio-economic area to determine the effects frequent praise, both academically and socially, have on the zone of proximal development in reading (ZPD[subscript RL], Renaissance Learning, 2006). A causal-comparative study was utilized by observing two groups of…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Experimental Groups, Control Groups, Beginning Reading