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Download full textUmansky, Ilana M.; Valentino, Rachel A.; Reardon, Sean F. – Stanford Center for Education Policy Analysis, 2015
One in five school-age children in the U.S. speaks a language other than English at home (Zeigler & Camarota, 2014). Roughly half of these emerging bilingual students (Garcia, 2009) are classified as English learners (ELs) when they enter school, meaning they do not meet state or district criteria for English proficiency (NCES, 2015). As the…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Immersion Programs, Bilingual Students, English Language Learners
Peer reviewed
Direct linkValentino, Rachel A.; Reardon, Sean F. – Grantee Submission, 2015
This paper investigates the differences in academic achievement trajectories from elementary through middle school among English Learner students in four different instructional programs: English Immersion, Transitional Bilingual, Developmental Bilingual, and Dual Immersion programs. Comparing students with the same parental preferences but who…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Academic Achievement, English Language Learners
